Rape Support Group
If you or someone you know has been the victim of rape, this is the place to find support and get advice. If you want, discuss your experience, share your feelings, and meet others going through a similar situation.
If you or someone you know has been the victim of rape, this is the place to find support and get advice. If you want, discuss your experience, share your feelings, and meet others going through a similar situation.
What is Trauma?
The conventional psychological understanding of trauma is that it is any safety-threatening event that 1) is sudden, unexpected, or not normal in a persons experiences; 2) exceeds the individuals perceived ability to cope; and 3) disrupts the individuals mental and emotional functioning in a way that interferes with activities of daily living.
After a trauma, you may have access to whole memories of the incident, or parts of those memories may be suppressed. Fragmented memories are common and normal responses to trauma, and it is also common for memories to change over time. Neither you nor your supporters and loved ones should begin to doubt your claims of having been raped simply because your memories, and therefore your accounts, change over time. The fragments that seem to be missing will often later return to haunt you as they are triggered by some seemingly-insignificant reminder.
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the clinical term for the collected symptoms a person may experience after surviving a trauma. It includes:
Recurring and intrusive recollections of the event. This can include memories, flashbacks, nightmares, etc.
Inner distress when you are exposed to cues that relate to the initial trauma. For example, talking about rape causes you to feel nausea, gagging reflexes, or anxiety.
Physical symptoms of stress when you encounter triggers related to the trauma.
Efforts to avoid anything associated with the trauma. For example, avoiding certain places, skipping or dropping out of therapy, using self-injury or drugs to suppress feelings, being unable to talk about the trauma.
Heightened fear of danger, and increased arousal of the senses for the purpose of remaining on high alert.
Changes in emotion: numbness, loss of pleasure, depression
The symptoms last for more than a month, and interfere with your daily life.
Research finds that nearly all rape survivors meet criteria for PTSD in the first month after the rape, and the PTSD rates are highest among women who were raped before age 18. After one year, the rate of PTSD symptoms drops to around half of all victims. It does not appear to continue to decline after that, which means that in the big picture about half of all rape victims carry PTSD symptoms. They will continue until some deliberate, appropriate effort is made to address the trauma and recover.
That is exactly what you are doing by being in therapy.
What is Rape Trauma Syndrome (RTS)?
When post-traumatic stress is caused by rape, the specific term for the symptoms of depression, flashbacks, avoidance, and anxiety you feel is Rape Trauma Syndrome. It is very similar to PTSD, but with a few key differences:
Exaggerated startle response, or hyperalertness. Have you noticed that since the rape, you become more alert and uncomfortable when someone walks behind you? Or that you suddenly stiffen up when you are hugged, even by someone you love? Or that footsteps now cause waves of fear? These are startle responses.
Guilt and self-blame about surviving behaviors used during the rape. Rape victims, with no exception Ive ever found, struggle with some degree of self-blame for the rape. Sometimes the self-blame is related to actions the victim did during the rape itself, such as walking to a place where she was told to go by the rapist, or removing her own underpants, or remaining silent, or not reporting the rape afterward. In reality, all of these things were done for the sake of survival, in order to minimize the rapists use of force as much as possible.
Impairment of memory and concentration. Countless clients of mine are frustrated by their own inability to remember key details about the rape itself. The most common example of this is, I can remember the rape, but I cant remember what happened before, and I cant remember what I did afterward. You may be unable to recall how you got to a certain place, or who else was there, or what you said during the rape, or what happened the rest of the day afterward. Even months later, concentration may be difficult; literally dozens of young women have been sent to me for anxiety therapy due to dropping grades and missed classes at college, when the real reason was that they could not concentrate because of RTS.
Avoidance of activities that arouse memories of the rape. One in three clients who begins therapy will drop out when the issue of rape is meaningfully introduced. Clients will forget or postpone assigned homework about the rape. Victims may use complex rituals of self-injury, meaningless sex, and substance abuse to numb or distract their feelings about the rape. On online web forums, victims will refer to r*pe or the incident or when it happened, but avoid the word rape itself.
One particularly strong trait of RTS is the habit of dissociation, which is a state of temporary mental flatness in which a persons mental and emotional attention to a painful issue is briefly blocked. The purpose of dissociation is to vacate (or literally, to take a vacation from) an experience of stress related to the memory of trauma. Therapists also call this splitting, which is a description of how a traumatized mind can be trained to work: the person splits their attention into parts, so that traumas like rape can be kept locked away in a compartment while other parts of the mind drape a blanket of numbness over it all. The end result is a feeling of emptiness and emotional vacancy, as if you are floating passively in an imagine world. It is as if the person sends their conscious mind outside of their own bodies so that the emotions within their bodies are not felt.
Dissociation is a short-term solution to emotional pain, but at the same time it soothes immediate discomfort it also prolongs the total duration of trauma by postponing the re-emergence of those painful feelings. Its not a form of erasing emotion; its a form of compressing it into a mental box. Imagine stuffing more and more laundry into a drawer until its full; it takes more pressure, more effort to keep the drawer shut, and each time you have to stuff more into it, the risk of the contents overflowing is increased. Dissociation is a form of shutting a drawer on increasingly-compressed contents within it.
The drop out rate for people going through counseling for PTSD is very high. That is one reason I was motivated to finish even though it was hard. There is the counseling, and homework. And this helped me, because I needed to visualize a plan and actions I could take. I needed some control, and somewhat of a timeline. It is hard but so worth it. Recounting the trauma sucks (but I went over it again and again in my head anyway...), but I found that by saying it outloud, eventually I released it, and it stopped haunting me. I even had to come to terms with parts of my rape that I was in denial about. Things I convinced myself never took place, but they happened, and by facing it, you will free youself.