Codependency Support Group
Codependency is defined as someone who exhibits too much, and often inappropriate, caring for another person's struggles. A codependent person may try to change, or feel shame about their most private thoughts and feelings if they conflict with the other person's struggles. If you are on a journey towards self-love, this support group is for you. Join us and find others...

I think 11Christmases makes a very good point above me - sometimes people feel the need to put others down when they see them doing well at something. Low self esteem on their part!
I know this is much easier said than done, but maybe try switching your focus onto something, anything else when you notice your mind circling back to the conversation you had. Power through the next couple of days and, chances are, by then it won’t feel so bad anymore.
I will be employing this technique myself today as I am currently dreading a conversation that is bound to happen with my colleague tomorrow!
Be kind to yourself x
First then taking responsibility for them as Roberts Burney says we need to be emotionally honest and then emotionally responsible.
I once had a real psycho for a female boss. I felt the same way you do about standing up to her, because she was married to a high ranking officer in the company. She was going out of her way to harass me, and I knew that if I tried to approach her in a reasonable way about it, she'd tear me a new one and keep it up. I didn't feel like I could go to her manager, either (but now I know him well enough that I think I could, if something happened).
So, a few takeaways here - 1. Your boss may not be someone who CAN be reasoned with - the problem might not be you, your emotions might be telling you it is futile to try 2. If there is a pattern here of her getting mad at you for just doing your job, I'd start keeping a written record, 3. If she is not approachable, maybe someone above her is? Or maybe there is another opening in the company.
I recommend a book called "In the Company of Women: Indirect Aggression Among Women: Why We Hurt Each Other and How to Stop". This book showed me the REAL reasons women are so mean to each other.