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Lower-BW men had nonsignificantly lower femoral neck CSA (?0.28 SD, p?=?.08), with no difference in femoral length observed (?0.0 SD, p?=?.9). At trochanteric sites, they had significantly lower CSA (?0.51 SD, p? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/z-vad-fmk.html shaft, CSA (?0.53 SD, p?=?.003) and cortical thickness (?0.29 SD, p?=?.07) were smaller among the lower-BW men. After adjusting for current height and BMI, the preceding associations between BW and hip geometry were no longer statistically significant (p?��?.1). Cortical or trabecular vBMD did not differ significantly by BW group. We report here the novel association between reduced birth weight and reductions of both femoral neck cross-sectional area and width with an absolute increase in neck length in white men. Both these geometric features have been associated with an increased risk of future fracture. In previous reports from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF), increased neck length was associated http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2157299.html with an increase in hip fracture risk.2 Our previous study of the association between femoral shape and early-life growth also demonstrated a positive association between birth size and femoral cross-sectional area but no association with neck length.9 The explanation for this discrepancy may result from the error of measuring neck length from the 2D DXA scans and not measuring neck length along the longest axis of the neck. The benefit of the 3D QCT images is that each image was re-formatted along the longest axis, and this provides a more accurate true neck length measurement. The lack of association in white men between self-reported birth weight and measures of volumetric bone density is consistent with previous studies using a UK community-based cohort of men of similar http://www.selleck.cn/products/BIBW2992.html age and range of birth weights who had peripheral QCT of the tibia and radius.12 However, in that study, increasing birth weight was positively associated with not only area but also length at both tibia and radius. The mechanisms underlying this association could represent unknown confounders such as a genetic polymorphism that predicts or may be associated with both hip geometry and birth size. At present, birth weight is thought to have a heritability of only 25% to 40%.13 In addition, within healthy identical twins, discordance in adult bone mass was found to be significantly associated with birth weight, suggesting a relatively small genetic component compared with environmental influences during early life.8 It is thought that a low self-reported birth weight is associated with poor environment in utero for the developing fetus.