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?4). Several studies have reported that baseline HBsAg levels and on-treatment HBsAg quantification are good predictive markers of the end of treatment response and SVR [57-66]. Zoutendijk et?al. [67] investigated HBsAg kinetics in patients who were successfully treated with long-term entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir (TDF). The authors used linear mixed regression analysis of individual HBsAg declines to estimate the duration of therapy required to achieve an HBsAg decline of 1 log10 UI/ml from baseline and HBsAg clearance. They showed that the median durations of therapy to achieve http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bmn-673.html a 1 log10 IU/ml decrease were as follows: 6.6 [1.7�C18] years and 8 [0.5�C15] years in HBeAg (+) and HBeAg (?) patients respectively. Median durations for HBsAg clearance were as follows: 36 [10�C93] years and 39 [1.3�C90] years in HBeAg (+) and HBeAg (?) patients respectively. These results show the importance of determining HBsAg cut-offs to discontinue NA http://www.selleckchem.com/products/cobimetinib-gdc-0973-rg7420.html therapy with lowest risk of reactivation. In the two pivotal studies of TDF [68, 69], study 102 (HBeAg ?) and study 103 (HBeAg +) patients, the authors confirm that HBsAg kinetics is deeper in HBeAg (+) patients than in HBeAg (?) and in patients receiving TDF monotherapy. The only patients with HBsAg loss were HBeAg (+) patients with a ��2 log10 IU/ml HBsAg decrease from baseline at 24?weeks of therapy, a higher baseline HBsAg level and genotypes A or D. In a cohort of 162 HBeAg (+) patients with HBV DNA http://www.selleck.cn/products/incb024360.html or ETV, an HBsAg decline was only observed in HBeAg (+) patients after 48?weeks of either PEG-IFN or ETV therapy. In HBeAg (?) patients, no decline in HBsAg levels was observed in patients receiving ETV. Recent studies including treatment-naive patients receiving NA report that low baseline HBsAg levels and an early decline in HBsAg (24-week therapy) are good predictors of SVR [63-66]. Furthermore, studies suggest that an HBsAg cut-off ��2�C3 log10 IU/ml could be used for treatment discontinuation [70-73]. In the study by Liang et?al. [70], 121 consecutive patients were prospectively recruited after treatment was stopped (lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir). The authors report that higher HBsAg levels at the end of treatment were associated with higher risk of relapse. End of the treatment, HBsAg levels �� 3 log10 IU/ml and �� 2 log10 IU/ml were associated with a 31 and 9% relapse respectively. Similar results are reported by Cai et?al. [73] in patients receiving 2?years of telbuvidine therapy.