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2, 3 The reasons for the disparity are likely multifactorial, but black women tend to present with later-stage disease compared with white women.4 However, racial disparities in mortality have been observed among women with similar staged tumors. These within-stage disparities have been shown to be independent of other tumor characteristics and more pronounced among later stage tumors and among women http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html many of these studies have been conducted among Medicare recipients11, 13, 15 or have adjusted for insurance status,10, 12 residual racial differences in health care access may have existed. The Department of Defense (DoD) Military Healthcare System (MHS) provides universal health care to all racial groups and http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BI-2536.html offers a unique opportunity to investigate racial disparities. Although a previous study14 within the MHS indicated that black women were more likely to receive chemotherapy and less likely to receive hormone therapy compared with white women, treatment was not the main focus of the study, and multivariate comparisons were not conducted. Therefore, it was unclear whether racial variations in breast cancer treatment exist after controlling for possible confounders such as age at diagnosis, tumor stage, and hormone receptor status. Using the combined DoD cancer registry and medical claims data, the aim of this study was to determine whether there were variations in breast cancer treatment between white and black women after adjustment for other variables. This study was based on the linked data from the DoD Central Cancer Registry (CCR) and the MHS data repository (MDR). The CCR was initiated in 1998 and contains information for all cancer patients diagnosed or treated at military treatment facilities among DoD beneficiaries, including active duty military personnel, retired military personnel, and their dependents. Duplicate records pertaining to the same cancer patient were consolidated, and quality assurance was conducted following http://www.selleck.cn/products/gsk126.html the guidelines established by the North America Association of Central Cancer Registries. The CCR includes information on demographic variables (eg, age and race), diagnostic factors (eg, date of diagnosis), tumor characteristics (eg, histology and stage), and cancer treatment (eg, surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy). The coding of cancer was originally based on the second edition of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-2)16 but was later recoded using the third edition (ICD-O-3).