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In contrast, in both races, serum phosphorus and PTH levels were higher in patients with high cancellous bone volume (Table 4). Logistic regression identified in white patients low PTH levels and female gender as predictors of low bone volume (p? http://www.selleckchem.com/PD-1-PD-L1.html p? http://www.selleck.cn/products/MK-1775.html low bone turnover (73% and 68%, respectively). More than 80% of black and white patients with low cancellous bone volume had thin trabeculae (p? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html separation and cancellous bone volume in both racial groups. This study shows, in a large number of unselected patients, that low bone turnover is a frequent feature in CKD stage 5 patients on chronic dialysis, especially white patients. Therapy for renal osteodystrophy focuses mostly on suppression of high bone turnover (secondary hyperparathyroidism). Our data call for equal efforts to avoid low bone turnover (ie, adynamic bone disease). Low bone turnover is not merely a histologic entity; it also has important clinical ramifications. Patients with low bone turnover have abnormal calcium homeostasis,12 and it was shown that low bone turnover is associated with vascular calcifications.27 The study also shows that white patients are more likely to present with low bone turnover than blacks. This is in contrast to data in the general population, in which no differences were seen between black and white individuals in parameters of bone structure, but blacks had lower bone formation than whites.