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All images recorded for playback analysis were measured off-line. Average Diastolic peak flow velocity (ADPV) and average mean diastolic flow velocity were measured at baseline and under hyperemic conditions after dipyridamole infusion. Coronary flow reserve was defined as the ratio of ADPV at hyperemia to ADPV at baseline. Coronary flow reserve?>?2 was considered as normal in the present study.[22] The intraobserver variability of CFR measurement was http://www.selleck.cn/products/pf-06463922.html 3.9% in the current study. Each patient underwent transthoracic echocardiograpy performed with a VIVID 7 (GE, General Electrics, Waukesha, WI, USA) instrument according to standard techniques in the left lateral decubitus position. Echocardiographic images were recorded onto a computerized database and videotape. Epicardial fat tissue was measured on the free wall of right ventricle from the parasternal long-axis view. Epicardial fat tissue was defined as an echo-free space between pericardial layers on the http://www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaneplanocin-a-dznep.html two-dimensional echocardiography. Epicardial fat tissue was measured perpendicularly on the free wall of right ventricle at end diastole for three cardiac cycles.[23, 24] In order to standardize the measuring point between different observers, we used the aortic annulus as an anatomical reference. The measurement was performed at a point on the free wall of the right ventricle along the midline of the ultrasound beam perpendicular to the aortic annulus. The average value measured from three cardiac cycles for each echocardiographic view was used for the statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics for continuous variables were expressed as mean?��?standard deviation. Two independent samples t-test was used to compare means of control and patient groups for EFT and CFR levels. Pearson's correlation test was performed to explore the linear relationships between EFT and CFR levels. A multiple regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of EFT. Age, BMI, mean arterial pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, and CFR were incorporated into the model as independent variables. A P value http://www.selleckchem.com/products/erastin.html patients (mean age 45?��?14 years) and 65 controls (mean age 44?��?8 years) are presented in Table?1. There were no differences regarding age, gender, BMI, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure levels between the two groups. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels were also similar in both groups. Serum parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher in the patient group as expected (305?��?64.20 vs. 40.88?��?24.20?pg/mL, P?