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Single LTX (SLTX, n?=?46) was the standard procedure type. Double LTX (DLTX, n?=?30) was only performed in cases of relevant PH or additional suppurative lung disease. There was no significant difference for pretransplant clinical parameters. Preoperative mean pulmonary arterial pressure was significantly higher in DLTX recipients (22.7?��?0.8?mmHg vs. 35.9?��?1.8?mmHg, P? http://www.selleck.cn/products/MK-1775.html a significant predictor for death and BOS. Single LTX offers acceptable survival rates for IPF patients. Double LTX provides a significant benefit in selected recipients. Our data warrant further trials of SLTX versus DLTX stratifying for potential confounders including PH. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias and the second most frequent lung pathology after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leading to lung transplantation (LTX) [1]. None of the currently available medical http://www.selleckchem.com/PD-1-PD-L1.html therapies has a proven effect on survival, resulting in a mean life expectancy for newly diagnosed IPF cases of 2.9 to 5?years [2]. Retrospective studies have shown a survival benefit for lung transplantation over the best medical therapy for patients with progressive IPF [3]. Therefore, the current guidelines for the selection of lung transplant candidates promote the early referral of eligible IPF patients for transplantation [4]. For septic lung disease e.g. cystic fibrosis, double lung transplantation (DLTX) is the standard operative approach. However, in IPF patients, the optimal surgical procedure remains to be conclusively determined [5]. Traditionally, single lung transplant http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adriamycin.html (SLTX) has been the treatment of choice for IPF because restrictive pulmonary physiology would lead to selective ventilation and perfusion of the graft lung with favorable functional outcome. Moreover, less operative trauma, shorter procedure time and avoidance of longer ischemic time for the second lung with the risk of organ failure are arguments favoring SLTX [6]. By contrast, some studies have suggested that DLTX may reduce the damage to pulmonary function in case of early complications like reperfusion injury or acute graft rejection. Thus, DLTX may lead to better baseline functional parameters with superior pulmonary reserve and respiratory mechanics, eventually resulting in improved long-term survival rates [7]. Accordingly, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) registry data indicate a larger application of DLTX in recent years [1].