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e. approximately 30% of the annual total) occurred. On September 5, 2011, we collected samples of feather mosses, D. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-2206.html flexuosa roots and leaf blades, and P. abies roots and needles within each labeled plot. For V. myrtillus, we collected three separate plant parts, including annual shoots (containing stems and leaves), previous year stems and attached leaves, and rhizomes. Samples for each plant part were collected from three locations within each labeled plot and bulked to create a single composite sample per plot. At the same time, we collected foliar tissue of feather mosses, V. myrtillus, D. flexuosa, and P. abies from each of the 0.1?ha plots (n?=?6), where no label was applied, in order to assess the natural abundance ��15N and %N values of each species. After collection, all samples (both labeled and unlabeled) were oven dried (65?��C) and ground to a fine powder using a ball mill. During sample grinding, mills were cleaned with 70% ethanol between each sample in order to avoid 15N contamination between samples. Ground samples were then analyzed for % N and ��15N at the Swedish University of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html Agricultural Sciences Stable Isotope Laboratory (Ume?, Sweden), using a Flash2000 Elemental Analyzer connected to a DeltaV Advantage Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany) (Gundale et?al., 2012a). We then estimated the percentage of applied 15N label taken up by each vegetation pool by first calculating the difference in 15N atom% between the labeled and unlabeled plants, then by converting the excess atom percent in the labeled plants to ��mol?g?1 plant dry weight, then multiplying this molar quantity by the estimated dry mass per?ha?1 for each vegetation pool (i.e. as described in the earlier section on plant biomass estimation), and finally, by dividing this value by the total molar quantity of label per ha applied to each plot. For those species where labels were traced into separate plant organs, we summed these quantities in order to estimate total uptake of 15N label for each species per unit area. For P. abies, our estimate of uptake only considers label present in roots ( http://www.selleck.cn/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html likely an underestimate given that a small additional amount of label may have been present in bark and woody tissues. In order to compare differences between N addition treatments for plant tissue N concentrations, vegetation biomass pools, and the 15N concentration and total pool sizes of each species in the labeling experiment, we used blocked analysis of variances (anovas), with N treatment (0, 12.5, or 50?kg?N?ha?1?yr?1) serving as a fixed factor, and block serving as a random factor. When no significant (��?=?0.05) block effect was detected, the analysis was rerun without inclusion of a random block factor. When significant (��?=?0.