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The relationship between coffee and the development http://www.selleckchem.com/products/sch772984.html of HCC was initially unsettled (Table?5). Two early case-control studies found no association between coffee consumption and the risk of HCC [51, 52]. However, the results of a follow up study combining both data sets indicated that coffee was indeed protective against HCC [50, 52, 53]. Additional more recent reports indicate a potential benefit of coffee on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Several case-control studies also demonstrated that coffee drinking was associated with decreasing HCC risk with a dose-effect relationship. Gelatti et?al. found that compared to non-coffee drinkers, the odds ratio for HCC development was 0.4 (95% CI 0.2�C0.8) for those consuming 3�C4 cups daily regardless of the underlying liver disease cause [54]. Tanaka et?al. reported on coffee use either during the last 1�C2?years or 10?years using three different control groups (hospital, community, and patients with chronic http://www.selleckchem.com/products/dabrafenib-gsk2118436.html liver disease) [55]. Coffee use during the last 1�C2?years was associated with decreased risk of HCC against all three control groups. Coffee use over the last 10?years was associated with decreased risk of HCC in reference to community controls or patients with chronic liver disease. The results of another case-control study by Montella et?al. also found a dose-effect relationship between coffee intake and risk for HCC for persons who consumed 4 or more cups daily (OR?=?0.4, 95% CI 0.2�C1.1); the inverse relationship was maintained amongst both HBV and HCV-infected individuals [56]. Several studies support the hypothesis that coffee consumption http://www.selleck.cn/products/ly2157299.html leads to decreased risk of liver cancer [57]. In a Japanese pooled analysis of two prospective cohort studies, a significant inverse relationship was found between coffee consumption and risk of liver cancer in patients with liver disease [58]. Compared to nondrinkers, those with coffee intake of 1 or more cups daily had a relative risk 0.58 (CI 0.36�C0.96) [58]. Another Japanese prospective cohort of 18?815 subjects with 110 incident cases of liver cancer found increased coffee consumption to be associated with reduced liver cancer risk (hazard ratio for
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