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Consistent with this hypothesis, Chen et al. recently showed that JAK2-mutated patients with ET preferentially activate STAT1, compared to patients with PV [63]. This finding came from careful gene expression analysis in individual colonies from the blood of patients with PV and ET. The authors also showed that overexpression of STAT1 in normal CD34+ cells promoted megakaryocytic development and a phenotype akin to ET. In parallel with the interest in understanding the potential utility of genetic and serological factors to predict outcome in MPN patients, a number of advances in utilizing conventional clinical parameters to predict outcome were discussed at the ASH meeting and post-ASH symposium. The dynamic international http://www.selleck.cn/products/Methazolastone.html prognostic http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nutlin-3.html scoring system (DIPSS) score is currently the most widely utilized scoring system to predict outcome at time of diagnosis in PMF patients and includes age >65 years, hemoglobin 25 �� 109/L, circulating blasts =1%, and constitutional symptoms [64]. In early 2011, the International Working Group for MPN Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) developed a clinical prognostic algorithm incorporating karyotype, platelet count, and transfusion status to the DIPPS score to allow for outcome prediction at any time point in the clinical care of MF patients [65]. More recently, Tefferi et al. performed a study of 884 PMF patients and identified that a smaller list of the DIPSS-plus score items can be utilized to more simply predict 2-year predicted mortality in PMF patients [66]. A greater than 80% 2-year mortality in PMF is predicted by the presence of a monosomal karyotype (defined as =2 autosomal monosomies or a single autosomal monosomy associated with at least one structural abnormality), inv(3) or inv(17)q abnormalities, or any 2 of the following: PB blast > 9%, WBC = 40 �� 109/L, or other unfavorable karyotype. The simplicity of this predictive algorithm may hopefully allow for improved risk stratification and management of PMF patients. In addition to the studies above in PMF, the IWG-MRT has also recently performed a large international retrospective study of the natural history of PV including only patients diagnosed with PV using 2008 WHO diagnostic criteria. This study of 1,430 PV patients was presented http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-737.html at the 2011 ASH meeting and revealed that, with mature follow-up data, patients with PV appear to have a shortened lifespan compared with sex- and age-matched controls [67]. Multivariate analysis identified advanced age, leukocytosis, venous thrombosis history and abnormal karyotype as significant (P