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5 ��Ci 3[H]-TdR for 12 hr. Total cellular RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA and IL-4, IL-10, IFN-��, TGF-��, Foxp3, c-Maf, and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mRNA accumulation were analyzed by amplification of the target sequence http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BI-2536.html using number of cycles within the linear range of exponential amplification as described.21 Primer sequences for the amplification of c-Maf mRNA were: forward, 5��-GTGC AGCAGAGACACGTCCT-3��; and reverse, 5��-CAACTAGCA AGCCCACTC-3��, and those for other mRNAs were as described.21 Levels of IL-4, IFN-�� and IL-10 in culture supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as described.29 Data shown are either representative of multiple experiments or display the combined data of all experiments as indicated in the figure legends. Bar graphs and error bars show mean values and standard deviation (SD), respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using StatView (SAS Institute) software. Differences between groups of more than three were analyzed by the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. The frequencies of tumor rejection were compared by chi square test. Single measurement comparison between two groups was evaluated by the two-tailed Student's t-test. A p value of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cyclopamine.html against immunizing Ags,15, 16, 21 but it remained unknown whether these observations were also true for anti-tumor immune responses. Using the MBL-2 lymphoma cell line engineered http://www.selleck.cn/products/gsk126.html to express OVA as a surrogate tumor Ag (MBL-2/OVA), we assessed the effect of UV-irradiation given after OVA immunization on the growth of transplanted tumors. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with OVA on day 0, underwent UV irradiation on day 7, and were inoculated s.c. with MBL-2/OVA or MBL-2 on day 14. As shown in Figure 1a and Table 1, when MBL-2 or MBL-2/OVA cells were implanted into unimmunized, non-irradiated mice, some animals rejected implanted tumors while other did not. When animals were immunized with OVA before implantation, rejection of MBL-2/OVA cells was significantly enhanced while that of MBL-2 cells was unaffected. In contrast, UV irradiation significantly inhibited rejection of both tumor cell lines in unimmuized mice. Immunization with OVA before UV irradiation led to a further decrease in rejection of MBL-2/OVA cells, but not MBL-2 cells. Thus, these data argue that UV irradiation after immunization leads to an Ag-specific suppression of the anti-tumor immune response. CD8+ CTL play an essential role in the control of tumor growth including MBL-2 tumor,30, 31 therefore, we next examined whether UV irradiation of OVA-immunized mice suppressed the generation of effector CTL capable of killing MBL-2/OVA tumor.