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Methanol concentration had a significant positive interactive effect with moisture level on CA production (P? http://www.selleck.cn/products/Imatinib(STI571).html of the parameters is notably depicted in the three-dimensional graphs. Moisture level and inducer concentration was shown to exert positive effect on CA production. Lower alcohols, particularly MeOH was shown to have greater positive effect on CA production when compared to EtOH. Table?2 shows the results of SSF using AP by carried out by A.?niger. In this study, the technique of experimental factorial design and response surface analysis was used to calculate the optimal conditions to achieve a high CA concentration. The validity of the model was proved by fitting different values of the variables into the model equation and by carrying out the experiment at those values of the variables. The best conditions for the CA production by A.?niger in AP were 75% (v/w) http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html moisture and inducer [ethanol 3% (v/w)] for experiment set 1 and 75% (v/w) moisture and inducer [methanol 3% (v/w)] as summarized in Table?2. The highest response achieved during the optimization studies were 248��42?g?kg?1 substrate for set 1 and 342��41?g?kg?1 substrate for set 2. The viability of fungus during solid-state citric acid fermentation is given in Figs?4a,b and 5b. The viability is given in the terms of total spore count. The total spore count was estimated spectrophotometrically by using Neuber chamber. As evident from the Figs?4a,b and 5b, the spore count initially decreased till 72?h of incubation except in control treatment during tray fermentation. Afterwards, the increase in the spore count was observed http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SP600125.html during fermentation. The sporulation was inhibited largely in the treatments in which MeOH was used as an inducer when compared to treatment with EtOH as inducer followed by control i.e. without inducer. Tray fermentation was conducted by taking into account the optimized parameters from this study. These parameters rendered highest CA production by A.?niger in AP (187��96?g?kg?1 substrate for set 1 and 303��34?g?kg?1 substrate for set 2) in tray fermentation after 120?h of incubation period as represented in Fig.?5a. In control, higher yield was achieved after 96?h of incubation period. Table?2 shows the fermentation efficiency of CA production using AP by A.?niger during parameter optimization of initial moisture and inducers. Taking initial total carbon into account, the fermentation efficiency of CA production was calculated. The initial total carbon was found to be 127��9?g?kg?1 dry weight of AP. The higher concentration of CA was achieved with 3% (v/w) of MeOH and EtOH.