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A cohort study. Lung donors and kidney recipients from 2009 and 2010 were considered the prospective cohort with 2003�C2008 as the historical http://www.selleckchem.com/products/crenolanib-cp-868596.html control period. The number of lungs available for transplantation was the main outcome measures. For recipients, kidney graft survival was the main outcome measure. We quadrupled the number of lung donors in the period 2009�C2010 compared with the historical control. Management in the prospective cohort included higher use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (p? Wang Z-X. The relationship between adenosine triphosphate within CD4+ T lymphocytes and acute rejection after liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E292�CE296. ? 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:? Background:? There have been increasing interests in the relationship between CD4+ T lymphocytes and acute rejection (AR) in transplantation. In this study, we explore the role of CD4+ T lymphocytes after liver transplantation. Methods:? From February to October 2009, 87 patients underwent liver transplantation. They were divided into the AR group and non-acute rejection (NAR) group, with 56 healthy individuals in the control group. Blood specimens were collected preoperatively and at one, two, and four?wk postoperatively for all groups and also on the day when AR occurred and one?wk after intravenous glucocorticoid therapy for the AR group. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured using the ImmuKnow? test kits for immune cell functions. Results:? After transplantation, the ATP levels within CD4+ T lymphocytes were significantly elevated in the two groups when compared with the preoperative levels. It peaked in the AR group and was significantly higher than that of the NAR group (p?