Tips on choosing a Monocular or Binocular Telescope

The human eye in conjunction with our brain is still one of the most perfect optical devices we know, but it still has its limitations. If we want to observe the beauties of the landscape, unsuspecting animals in the distance or from a safe distance to watch various objects, we will need our own eyes considerably "extended". This is where the binoculars come into play, which should be included in the equipment of all nature lovers, hunters, tourists, but also ordinary tourists who only need to look at the world from a greater distance. We understand that the amount of information and the different types on the market can be confusing, which is why in this article we will be happy to guide you through all the important aspects you will need when choosing that "perfect" telescope.

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Monocular or Binocular: Basic types and construction of a Telescope

* Monoculars

We refer to Monocular binoculars as those through which we look with only one eye. They are mostly used for sports purposes, at the shooting range, distance measurement, etc.

* Binoculars

Binoculars designed for observation with both eyes. For so-called "binoculars" we distinguish several basic constructions. This is the most common type of binoculars.

The basic construction of binoculars

* Prismatic

Classic and cheaper construction of today's commonly sold binoculars. Use of convex lenses for both eyepiece and lens. They use an optical prism to rotate the inverted image. The robust construction has the disadvantage of being heavier, but there is no optical loss as with the poroscopes listed below.

* Porro Prism construction

A typical element is two triangular prisms through which light passes and refracts three times, its beam then has the typical shape of the letter "Z". Due to the greater light and optical losses of this solution, it is necessary to use higher quality optical elements. The advantage over prismatic binoculars is slightly lower weight and often a larger viewing angle.

* Roof Prism

Linear binoculars, as they are also called, use so-called roof prisms in their construction, which allows the passage of light in a straight line. As a result, they can be more compact, and most importantly noticeably lighter. In order to maintain the image quality, it is necessary to use much higher quality components, which is why the price is usually a bit higher compared to conventional binoculars. These are the most compact binoculars on the market.

As other types of constructions we can mention, for example, the construction of G. Galileo. Concave lenses are used for the eyepiece. For this reason, it was not necessary to apply an optical prism correction. This construction is used, for example, in theatre peepholes, where a large approach is not required.

Explanation of basic concepts

* Enlargement

The magnification of binoculars expresses the numerical ratio between the size of the monitored object and its magnified dimensions, which we see through the telescope. If we have a telescope that has a magnification of, for example, 10x, at a distance of 1000 m, the resulting image appears to us as if we were observing an object with the human eye only 100 m away.

* Lens diameter

The second number in the telescope designation is the diameter of the objective or the millimetre diameter of its outer lens. In practice, this means that the higher this value, the more light enters the optical system. We will appreciate this feature, especially in poor lighting conditions, when we need as much light as possible.

* Viewing angle

The size of the angle at which we observe the surroundings through the telescope. It is given at angles or the width of the field of view at a distance of 1000 m.

* Output pupil and luminosity

The diameter of the human pupil (pupil) is widened to 2-7 mm depending on the light conditions. The telescope, which will have an exit pupil of 7 mm, will therefore give us the maximum possible light even in the dark when our pupil will be extended to this value. The value of the telescope can be calculated very easily, just divide the diameter of the outer lens and the value of the zoom - for example, with the 10x40 telescope, the pupil will be 4 mm in size.

Marking of parameters for binoculars

We already know the diameter of the outer lens and the zoom, but we may be confused by other signs that are located just behind these data. For various brands, we can come across markings such as WP or ED, etc. These are additional markings, such as modifications of specific lenses, anti-reflective and contrast layers used to prevent glare and image enhancement or resistance to dust and water. It's always a good idea to make sure what the specific markings on your chosen telescope mean. If you are unsure, we will always be happy to advise you.