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Geriatricians' subjective statements on their working conditions have been partially confirmed. Improving geriatricians work flow could increase work efficiency, job satisfaction and quality of care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 12: 108�C115. http://www.selleck.cn/products/gsk-j4-hcl.html ""Aim:? To examine the effects of a once-weekly laughter and exercise program on physical and psychological health among elderly people living in the community. As a regular exercise program can be difficult to maintain, we provided a more enjoyable program to enhance adherence to exercise. Methods:? A total of 27 individuals aged 60?years or older, without disabilities, were randomly assigned to either an immediate treatment group (n?=?14) or a delayed treatment group (n?=?13). The intervention was a 120-min session consisting of laughter and exercise, carried out once a week for 10 consecutive weeks. Measurements taken at baseline, 3 and 6?months included bodyweight, height, body fat, lean mass, bone mineral density, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), glucose, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as self-rated health and psychological factors. Results:? All participants completed the 3-month program. Bone mineral density increased significantly in the immediate treatment group compared with the delayed treatment group during the first 3?months (P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/byl719.html Laughter might be an effective strategy to motivate the elderly to participate in physical activity. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 152�C160. ""Aim:? The number of elderly with cognitive dysfunction has been increasing in developed countries. Several studies have shown that diabetes is a risk factor for http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BEZ235.html declines in cognitive function and, recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise improves insulin resistance (IR). However, no studies have been undertaken to examine the relationship between IR and cognitive dysfunction. Methods:? Sixteen elderly diabetic patients participated in this study (mean age 70.9?��?3.7?years). They were divided into control and training groups, and the training group was instructed to exercise 4?days per week for 12?weeks using horse riding simulation equipment (JOBA). Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic clamp technique and several tests to assess cognitive function, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), were performed. Results:? There were no statistically significant differences between the control and training groups in the baseline data. The differences of glucose infusion rate values and delayed word list scores, between baseline and the follow up, were significantly correlated (P?=?0.024).