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0��9%, max. 5��7%). For tagging and measuring, fish were anesthetized by immersion in an aqueous solution of clove oil (100?ppm). After surgery, fish were then kept for 24?h before releasing them into their respective habitats in the river. In spring (between 28 April and 15 May http://www.selleck.cn/products/PD-0332991.html 2006), study section was sampled by electrofishing to recapture tagged parr. Fish caught (N?=?31) were measured by fork length and body mass without knowledge of previous body length and mass. The growth in length of the fish over the winter was analysed by paired t-test. Our first experiment demonstrated significant shrinking of individual body length among two age-groups of young hatchery-raised brown trout in the course of winter (rmanova: F?>?31��804, P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1155463.html experimental unit decreased in length, with some individuals shrinking as much as 10?mm (almost 10%) of their body length, while some, in fact, gained body length during the same time period (Fig.?2a,b). The configuration of the stream bed structures did not affect body length dynamics (rmanova: F?=?0��256, 0��139, P?=?0��614, 0��711, d.f.?=?1, 121 and 1, 53 for 0+ and 1+ aged fish respectively). Although there was no correlation within each of the two age-groups of brown trout between the initial size of fish and the shrinkage, fish in the older age group shrank more during winter. Thus, the negative growth in length was length-dependent [linear regression on data pooled over treatments and age-groups: growth (mm)?=??0��028Lstart (mm)?+?0��822, P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb-5083.html shorter in spring compared to their autumn size although this difference only bordered on statistical significance (paired t-test: P?=?0��078; Fig.?2c). The second experiment showed that shrinkage frequency increased along the environmental complexity gradient. Fish dwelling in open riffles shrank more than fish in comparable streams with overhead cover (rmanova: time effect: F?= 35��053, P?