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0001). We observed a correlation between the volume of subarachnoid hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and fall in systolic blood pressure (p?= 0.004): compared with patients receiving > 1.5?ml (n?=?463), fewer patients receiving ��?1.5?ml http://www.selleckchem.com/products/forskolin.html bupivacaine 0.5% (n?=?97) experienced episodes of absolute (31.1% vs 11.3%, p? http://www.selleck.cn/products/AZD0530.html hip fracture, with the result that practice varies widely between hospitals and individual anaesthetists [4]. Traditionally, 30-day mortality (about?8�C10% in England) and length of postoperative stay have been used as surrogate measures of the efficacy of one hip fracture intervention compared with another. However, anaesthetic interventions are usually limited to the 2-h surgical episode of a patient��s median 20-day inpatient stay [5], and there are a number of subsequent factors that may affect length of stay http://www.selleckchem.com/products/cx-5461.html and, indeed, 30-day mortality, including orthopaedic care, surgical complications and the capacity of rehabilitation services, rendering these outcomes inapt determinants of efficacy [6]. Nevertheless, surgery and anaesthesia are considerable physiological insults for a group of patients who are usually elderly (mean age 83?years [5]) with significant co-morbidities, polypharmacy and limited physical reserve. Modifications of technique to minimise immediate complications of surgery and anaesthesia (such as hypotension, hypoxia and anaemia) may improve early measurable postoperative outcomes, including time to ambulation, prevalence of myocardial damage and postoperative confusion. Both general anaesthesia and spinal anaesthesia may be associated with peri-operative hypotension in elderly patients.