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99, P https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evodiamine (Fig. 5). However, the highest ER�� value was observed in uterus (F = 15.98, P http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Dasatinib.html 0.66, P = 0.62). Changes in estradiol and progesterone plasma levels were analyzed in all studied animals to verify the hormonal status during estrous cycle (Table 1). Major estradiol levels were reached during proestrus day. The results obtained in this study indicate that both ER protein subtypes are differentially expressed in CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus of the rat during the estrous cycle. Interestingly, the ER�� subtype was more abundant than the ER�� subtype in both regions as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses. Identification of the ER�� has open additional questions of complexity in the understanding of the E2 mechanism of action. Interestingly, the local synthesis of E2 in the female hippocampus has been described and reaches levels of ?0.5�C2 nM (Mukai et al., 2010). Several areas of the brain present one or the other subtype or overlapping patterns of both ER�� and ER�� (Shughrue et al., 2000; Ravizza et al., 2002; Matthews and Gustafsson, 2003; Merchenthaler et al., 2004; Barha and Galea, 2011). As mentioned, the hippocampus is implicated in different functions, such as learning, memory, and sexual behavior (Medina et al., 1998; Feng et al., 2004; Daniel et al., 2005; Day and Good, 2005; Walf and Frye, http://www.selleckchem.com/screening/epigenetics-compound-library.html 2008; Frick et al., 2010). In this brain area, estradiol induces the formation of excitatory synapses, increases dendritic spine density, synaptic plasticity, and prolongs excitatory postsynaptic potentials in CA1 pyramidal cells (Rudick and Woolley, 2001; Murakami et al., 2006; Mukai et al., 2010). Differences in nuclear estradiol uptake was detected in CA1 and CA3, observing a majority of labeled cells in the ventral horn of CA3 (Shughrue and Merchenthaler, 2000). Several reports indicate that both mRNA and protein of the ER�� subtype is regulated mainly by E2 and P4 levels. In contrast, ER�� is not directly regulated by these hormones (Lee et al., 2005; Lewandowski et al., 2005). Immunohistochemical studies for ER�� detection in the hippocampus of male and female rats indicate that this isoform is downregulated by E2 (Weiland et al.