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9%, 15.6%, and 15.8%, respectively. After stratification according to ADT status (ADT-na?ve vs GnRH agonists vs bilateral orchidectomy), the CAD rates were 25.1% vs 26.9% vs 23.2%, the AMI rates were 14.8% vs 16.6% vs 14.8%, and the SCD rates were 14.2% vs 17.7% vs 16.4%, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html respectively (Table?2). In univariable competing-risks regression models, GnRH agonist exposure resulted in a CAD hazard ratio (HR) of 1.10 relative to ADT-na?ve patients (P http://www.selleck.cn/products/Verteporfin(Visudyne).html 0.001) and SCD (HR 1.18; P http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ch5424802.html in particular GnRH agonists, and the risk of CV morbidity and mortality [7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 19, 20]. Although these observations lead to a FDA warning about the safety of GnRH agonists, the relationship between ADT and CV events is still highly controversial. For example, a recent meta-analysis of randomised trials failed to show an association between ADT and the risk of CV mortality [21]. On the other hand, clinical trials usually enrol younger and healthier patients, who might be considered at reduced risk of CV morbidity and mortality. Consequently, results obtained in this setting might not necessarily be applicable to the general population. Additionally, previous large retrospective investigations evaluating the USA population relied on historical cohorts [8, 10, 11]. Since then, the understanding and familiarity with ADT detriments has improved. Similarly, many individuals, including patients with prostate cancer who are ADT-candidates, have adopted more health-focused lifestyles. Consequently, the contemporary effects of ADT on CV endpoints may differ from those seen in previous investigations. Under this light, the present study was aimed at examining the association between the type of ADT (exposure to GnRH agonists or bilateral orchidectomy) and CAD, AMI, and SCD in a large contemporary cohort of patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer, representative of the USA population. Several results of the present study are noteworthy.