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502, P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html morphology (Masle, Gilmore & Farquhar 2005), which are determinants of gs and gm, respectively. Recently, Duan et?al. (2010) showed that populations of Picea asperata original from drier habitats possessed higher ��13C values with higher gm/gs. Similarly, Barbour et?al. (2010) and Soolanayakanahally et?al. (2009) also reported tight correlation between leaf water-use and gm. In our study, the Mediterranean accessions, but not NTRO, concurrently increased AN/gs and gm/gs in response to drought stress (Fig.?5c). Such increase in gm/gs indicates that drought-driven decreases in leaf conductances to H2O are of higher magnitude than decreases in leaf conductances to CO2. The analysis of the leaf http://www.selleck.cn/products/Imatinib(STI571).html ultrastructure to explore the existence of anatomic traits potentially responsible for the improved gm/gs ratio in TR accessions is underway. Another possible cause related to gm may be different abundance or activity of aquaporins, which would http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SP600125.html facilitate CO2-transport in the leaf mesophyll (Uehlein et?al. 2003; Flexas et?al. 2006a). In order to check whether an enhanced intrinsic capacity for CO2 assimilation was also responsible for the higher AN/gs in the Mediterranean accessions, analysis of the Rubisco content and activation state were performed. However, no differential traits were observed between NTR and TR accessions in any of the Rubisco-related parameters (Figs?6 & 7). Some controversial still exists about the effects of drought on Rubisco, with studies showing no effects (Vapaavuori 1986; Pelloux et?al. 2001) and others reporting decreases in Rubisco content and/or activation (Parry et?al. 2002; Tezara et?al. 2002; Bota, Medrano & Flexas 2004). In our study, both the concentration of Rubisco reaction sites and the carbamylation state described a positive logarithmic relationship with gs (Fig.?6a,c), in agreement with previous studies suggesting that that these two parameters are sensible to drought when the stress becomes moderate to severe (Flexas & Medrano 2002). However, the concentration of Rubisco reaction sites was better correlated with Cc (P?