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""The literature shows that the quality of communication is usually determined from a professional perspective. Patients or lay people are seldom involved in the development of quality indicators or communication. To give voice to the lay people perspective on what constitutes ��good communication�� by evoking their reactions to variations in physician communication. Lay people from four different countries watched the same videotaped http://www.selleckchem.com/products/epz-5676.html standardized medical encounters and discussed their preferences in gender-specific focus groups who were balanced in age groups. Two hundred and fifty-nine lay people (64 NL, 72 IT, 75 UK and 48 BE) distributed over 35 focus groups of 6�C8 persons each. Comments on doctors' behaviours were classified by the GULiVer framework in terms of contents and preferences. Participants prevalently discussed ��task-oriented expressions�� (39%: competency, self-confident, providing solutions), ��affective oriented/emotional expressions' (25%: empathy, listening, reassuring) and ��process-oriented expressions' (23%: flexibility, summarizing, verifying). ��Showing an affective attitude�� was most appreciated (positive percentage within category: 93%, particularly facilitations and inviting attitude), followed by ��providing solution�� (85%). Among disfavoured behaviour, repetitions (88%), ��writing and reading�� (54%) and asking permission (42%) were found. Although an affective attitude is appreciated by nearly everybody, people may vary widely in their communication needs and preferences: what is ��good communication�� for one person may be disliked or even a source http://www.selleck.cn/products/Staurosporine.html of irritation for another. A physician should be flexible and capable of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2109761.html adapting the consultation to the different needs of different patients. This challenges the idea of general communication guidelines. ""With the aging population and increasing incidence of hepatic malignancies in elderly patients, establishing the safety of hepatic resections is crucial. The present study investigates early postoperative morbidity and mortality in elderly patients undergoing hepatic resection using a nationally validated database. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant User Files (NSQIP-PUF) for 2005�C2009 were used for the retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing hepatic resection. The primary outcome measures were 30-day postoperative mortality, overall complication rate, and serious complication rate. The primary predictor variable was patient age, which was treated as a dichotomous variable (age ��70 years, age ��70 years). Five thousand seven hundred six patients were included in the final analysis, 1,280 of which were ��70 years of age. Thirty-day postoperative mortality (��70 years 1.9% vs. ��70 years 4.5%, P?