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S3). Some hot-spot situations were predicted in Ireland, UK, Netherlands and Finland with values >250?t C?ha?1, corresponding to peatland areas. The country with http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-737.html the highest simulated SOC stock was France (2588?Mt), followed by the UK with 2367 and Germany with 1866?Mt (Fig.?2). Land used as pasture was the dominant SOC reservoir in the UK, Ireland and the Netherlands and also significant in France and Germany. Permanent crops (vineyard, olive and orchard) contributed for only 3% of the total simulated SOC stock, with highest values of these classes being found in Spain, Italy and France. The arable land, which was the prevailing land use simulated in terms of area (112.75?Mha representing 53% of the total Utilized Agricultural Area) (Fig.?2), was predicted to store 7.65?Gt of C, corresponding to 43% of the total SOC stock. The pasture land use contained 5.5?Gt of C. The average top-soil SOC for the whole area considered was simulated as 82.4?t C?ha?1, corresponding to a C stock of 17.63?Gt. The simulated values were generally in agreement with measurements for all three aggregated land uses (Fig.?3). In the arable class, the median values were close to 70?t http://www.selleck.cn/products/Methazolastone.html C?ha?1 for both simulated (cnt) and measured (lcs) data. Instead, the initial SOC values implemented into the model (OC_tp), derived from the OCTOP data set were almost more than double. Hence, the long equilibrium phase (2000?years) and the following management sequences (Table?1) appear to have driven the CENTURY model towards an equilibrium state completely independent form the initial values. The absolute error distribution was normal and centred around 0, while the RMSE was 36.5?t C?ha?1. In the other land uses (pasture and permanent crops), the model showed a similar behaviour with a higher dispersion in the permanent crops. Modelled SOC in pasture lands showed a median value of 126.5?t C?ha?1 with a RMSE of 52.2?t C?ha?1, with 59.3?t C?ha?1 and a RMSE of 30.0?t C?ha?1 in the permanent crops. The uncertainty calculated was http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nutlin-3.html CENTURY model predicted an increase in the total SOC stock from 17.63?Gt to about 18?Gt of C until 2080 (Fig.?5). However, the effect of the projected climate on C balance was particularly marked until 2050, when SOC trends began to diverge among the two scenarios. In particular, when CENTURY was driven by the HAD_A1F1 scenario, the simulated SOC began to decrease up to 2080 while, under the PCM_B1 scenario, agricultural soils still continued to accumulate C. The average trend of both scenarios reached a new steady state value in the last 20?years of the simulation.