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dioptrica cluster together with similar volumes. If the volume of bone in the cranium is a reliable proxy for overall volume of the head region in porpoises, then the ratio of endocranial volume to skull volume can be taken to represent standardized brain size among specimens. Ordinary least squares regression of endocranial volume and skull volume on unlogged axes reveals reasonably strong (and statistically significant) linear correlation (R2?=?0.5332, P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Gefitinib.html brain size in the juvenile is disproportionately large, and most closely resembles P. sinus, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html and to a lesser degree, N. phocaenoides. Phocoena spinipinnis, Ph. dalli, and P. dioptrica fall approximately within the same range as adult P. phocoena specimens. The dorsal surface of the juvenile's endocast is mostly smooth, while all of the adult specimens have gyrencephalization that varies in amount of visible folding (Fig. 6). Phocoena phocoena specimens MVZ 208560, MVZ 172160, and MVZ 90696, and P. dioptrica, P. spinipinnis, and N. phocaenoides all reflect extensive impressions of sulci and gyri, especially visible dorsally in the rostral region of the telencephalon (Figs. 6 and 7). Ventrally and rostrally in the temporal and frontal regions all specimens show similarly dense gyrification, but P. phocoena specimens MVZ 172161 and MVZ 135247, and Ph. dalli and P. sinus have less obvious indications of sulci and gyri, especially caudally. The CT slice data for P. sinus show that it has dorsal ossified cerebral meninges, however others specimens do not exhibit them as extensively (i.e., juvenile P. phocoena, N. phocaenoides, Ph. dalli). All specimens have grooves indicating the prominent Sylvian (lateral) sulci, although in the juvenile it is more shallowly delineated than in adults. Visually, some asymmetry is observed among all specimens. The left temporal region is more laterally and rostrally expanded than the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NK_cells right, although the linear and volumetric measurements of this region are subequal (Figs. 6 and 7, Tables 3 and 4). The left temporal region is also more obviously delineated from the rest of the cerebrum in dorsal view. The right cerebral hemisphere appears to extend dorsally more than the left, again not reflected in volumetric and linear measurements (Figs. 6 and 7, Tables 3 and 4). The juvenile and adult P. phocoena, and Ph. dalli show similar patterns to the other species but appear more symmetrical overall (Figs. 6 and 7). Neophocaena phocaenoides, P. sinus, P. spinipinnis, and P.
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