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Patients who had experienced any cardiovascular events 3?months prior to transplantation were excluded. The majority of the patients were on regular use of antihypertensive drugs (88%). Patients were receiving ��-blockers (45%), calcium channel blockers (43%), diuretics (32%), �� blockers (7%) and angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (3%). No patient received digitalis. According to local protocol, all patients were using initial immunosuppression with prednisone. Living donors HLA I (totally matched) also received cyclosporine and azathioprine, HLA II (partially matched) and III (fully mismatched) used tacrolimus and azathioprine. Deceased donors were induced with basiliximab, and received tacrolimus and micophenolic acid. Thymoglobulin was used when patients had higher panel response assay (>20%). The study was reviewed http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Y-27632.html and approved by the Ethics Advisory Committee of the Federal University of S?o Paulo, and each patient signed the informed consent form. All laboratory tests, echocardiogram and coronary computed tomography were performed within 2?months after transplantation. Blood samples were drawn in a fasting state for the following laboratory tests: lipid profile, creatinine, blood count, bicarbonate, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH �C Immulite Assay; reference range 10�C65?pg/ml), alkaline phosphatase (references: 40�C129?U/l for male, 35�C104?U/l for female), ionized calcium, phosphorus, blood glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels determined using http://www.selleck.cn/products/BKM-120.html chemiluminescence immunoassay. Proteinuria was measured by obtaining 24?h urine samples. Abnormal proteinuria was defined as urinary protein excretion >3?g/24?h. Creatinine clearance was estimated by Cockcroft and Gault��s equation [9]. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin http://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html 1 (up to 30 unifocal ventricular extrasystoles/h); grade 2 (more than 30 unifocal ventricular extrasystoles/h); grade 3 (multifocal ventricular extrasystoles); grade 4 (paired ventricular extrasystoles or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia) and grade 5 (R wave over T). Heart rate variability was assessed based on the standard deviation of the mean of the R-R intervals (SDNN) and on the number of instances per hour in which two consecutive R-R intervals differ by more than 50?ms over 24?h (pNN50).