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Of the 5599 patients enrolled, 40% had previously received but discontinued VKA treatment, 42% of them because the INR could not be maintained in the therapeutic range. The treating physician had established that INR measurements could not be regularly obtained in 43% of the other patients enrolled. VKA therapy was considered to be unsuitable for 21% of patients because the risk of stroke was only moderate (CHADS2 score of 1). In addition, 15% of patients did not want to take VKAs. The mean duration of follow-up was 1.1?years. The rates of primary outcome events were 1.6% per year in patients treated with apixaban and 3.7% per year in those assigned to aspirin (HR http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Everolimus(RAD001).html 0.45, 95% CI 0.32�C0.62; P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/PD-0332991.html An intracerebral haemorrhage occurred in six and nine patients receiving apixaban and aspirin, respectively. In an on-treatment analysis, whilst patients were receiving the study treatment, major bleeding events occurred at a rate of 1.4% and 0.9% per year in the apixaban and aspirin groups, respectively (HR 1.54; 95% CI, 0.96�C2.45; P?=?0.07). Serious adverse events occurred significantly less frequently in the apixaban than in the aspirin group (22% vs. 27%; P? http://www.selleck.cn/products/Bortezomib.html a recent VTE episode who received a first standard anticoagulation course for 6�C12?months. After this period, patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or apixaban for 1?year; those treated with apixaban were further randomly assigned to receive 2.5 or 5?mg b.i.d. apixaban in a double-blind fashion. The follow-up of patients is ongoing. Clinical trials with dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban have been designed with a fixed dosage without any laboratory control. Indeed, these drugs have proved to be effective and safe for the investigated conditions (see above) and, therefore, strict laboratory control and/or dose adjustment are not required [24, 25].