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Another important question is how to proceed in case of overt rapidly progressing PAOD occurring during nilotinib. From our results, it may be advisable to stop and to switch to an alternative TKI if possible, as has been suggested for TKI-intolerant cases in general [40,41]. However, in many cases, no further therapy-option may be available. In one of our three patients, we switched to dasatinib 100 mg once daily. Although PAOD events were still recorded during the next few months, no further major events occurred thereafter. All in all, we have no clear recommendation for patients who develop PAOD on nilotinib. Clearly, more data from ongoing and prospective observational studies are required to establish such recommendations. However, based on our observation we highly recommend screening for relevant risk factors and signs of http://www.selleck.cn/products/Erlotinib-Hydrochloride.html PAOD before and during nilotinib. ""Early recognition of high-risk patient is important to improve long-term outcomes following imatinib therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Some controversy surrounds the question, which of short-term response parameters at which time-point, including complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) or major molecular response (MMR) at 6 or 12 months, is the best predictor for treatment outcomes. In this comprehensive analysis, we adopted landmark analysis method, time-dependent Cox's proportional hazard model, and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) method to analyze time-to-response parameter as predictor of long-term outcomes in 187 chronic phase (CP) CML patients. Regardless of the methods of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-2206.html analysis, earlier achievement of short-term response such as CCyR or MMR could predict the higher probability of achieving better interim outcome (such as treatment failure or loss of response [LOR]). Similar to the findings from other studies, our ROC analysis provided cutoff time points for MMR (18�C36 months) and CCyR (6�C12 months) that were the best predictors for LOR or treatment failure, which can be an indirect evidence supporting the ELN recommendation. The patient who achieves short-term response rapidly will have a lower risk of losing response or failing after imatinib therapy in CML patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. ? 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Imatinib is a first generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) acting against bcr/abl tyrosine kinase http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html and has improved therapy outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients [1, 2]. The International Randomized Study of Interferon plus Ara-C vs. STI571 in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (IRIS) trial [3] reported a probability of freedom from progression to advanced disease of around 93% at 5 years in patients treated with imatinib [4]. However, a substantial number of patients failed to achieve an optimal response. Some patients never demonstrated an adequate degree of response (i.e., primary resistance) or experienced loss of response (LOR) to imatinib therapy after achieving some response (i.e., secondary resistance) [5, 6].