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5��C (Haake BC3, Thermo Haake GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). Unfractionated heparin (100?IU/kg, Roche, Grenzach-Wyhlen, Germany) was given at the beginning of the extracorporeal treatment followed by a continuous infusion (40?IU/kg/hr). Heparin administration was adjusted to maintain activated clotting time (ACT) at 130�C160?s. After the four hours, animals were allowed to recover from anesthesia. After 7?days, the surviving pigs were sacrificed with narcotics (pentobarbital: 400?mg/kg, ESSEX Tierarznei GmbH, Munich, Germany) and the organs prepared for histology (Table?2) according to clinical routines. Samples of 1?mL arterial blood (heparinized with 40?IU) were serially diluted with sterile http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYO10 saline, plated on agar-plates, incubated overnight at 37��C, and the colonies were counted. All bacteriological assays were performed in duplicate and the results were expressed as cfu/mL. Samples were taken 4, 8, 24, 48, and 168?h after beginning of bacteria infusion. Pig cytokine concentrations were determined by commercial ELISA-Kits according to manufacturer's advice (BioSource International, Camarillo, CA, USA). Serum samples for the determination of pig interleukin (IL) 1-beta, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were taken before and 8, 24, 48, and 168?h after the beginning of bacteria infusion. During the first 6?h the following measurements were taken: every 10?min blood pressure, temperature, and heart rate (OHMEDA, Louisville, KY, USA), every hour blood gases (Rapid-Lap 348, Bayer Health Care, Bayer Vital http://www.selleckchem.com/products/bay80-6946.html GmbH, Fernwald-Gie?en, Germany) and before and after i.v. injection of the inoculum. The same measurements were taken every 2?h from hour 6 to 24 and then, every 6?h. Furthermore, blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24?h and then once every day for the determination of hemogram, differential blood count, prothrombin activity (in %), antithrombin, fibrinogen, lactate, creatinine, urea, bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphates (AP). Coagulation parameters were determined with the BCS (Dade Behring Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany); all other blood-parameters with the Beckmann LX 20 (Beckmann Coulter, Krefeld, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/poziotinib-hm781-36b.html Germany). The last observation carried forward (LOCF)-method was used to handle data for the statistical analysis. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to conduct nonparametric analyses using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test for non-paired values. The Log-Rank test was used for survival analysis. Test for in vitro experiments were Friedmann and Wilcoxon tests. The results are expressed as the mean?��?standard error of means (SEM). Differences were considered significant at P?