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Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic. Presently, ketamine is the most commonly used injectable anesthetic in large animal practice. Telazol, a proprietary combination of tiletamine (dissociative derivative) http://www.selleckchem.com/products/jq1.html and zolazepam (benzodiazepine derivative), produces anesthesia similar to the commonly used anesthetic combination, diazepam and ketamine. Structurally, propofol does not relate to any of the injectable anesthetics currently available in veterinary practice. Propofol is best used for induction before inhalation anesthesia; it also can be used as a continuous infusion to maintain short-term anesthesia. Guaifenesin is a central muscle relaxant frequently used in large animal practice. ""To maximise the effect of a small fluid load, it is occasionally desirable to bolus manually with multiple depressions of a large-capacity syringe. This is usually achieved by placing the syringe on the side port of a three-way tap. We modified this technique by placing two-one-way valves in line with the three-way tap, effectively creating a piston pump, the infusion rates via which we compared with those achieved by an inflatable pressure-infuser in a simulated resuscitation. Fluid flow was faster using the piston pump than with the pressure-infuser (mean (SD) time to infuse 2000?ml saline 0.9% via a 16-G cannula 352 (10) s vs 495 (19) s, respectively, p? http://www.selleck.cn/products/AP24534.html resuscitation. The lightweight nature of the pump and its lack of reliance on gravity may also make it suitable for the pre-hospital setting. The use of a large-capacity syringe to deliver controlled boluses of fluid is a well-described technique. Manual syringing of intravenous fluid may be desirable in three settings: first, if there is a need to control the volume tightly (e.g. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html in paediatric resuscitation) [1, 2], secondly, if there is a need to use higher pressures to drive flow (e.g. with intra-osseous devices) [3, 4] and thirdly, if it is necessary to introduce a small volume rapidly (e.g. to assess left ventricular volume responsiveness) [5]. Manual syringing is usually performed by attaching the syringe to the side port of a three-way tap connected in series with an intravenous giving set [1]. This practice is attention consuming, requiring constant alteration of the three-way tap position, and is made inefficient by refluxing of fluid into the syringe under back pressure. As a result, rapid, high volume resuscitation is onerous, and this severely limits the utility of the technique. Instead, increasing intravenous flow during high-volume resuscitation is normally facilitated by an alternative method, most commonly using an inflatable pressure-infuser (��bag squeezer��), or a mechanical pressure-infuser, if available [6, 7].