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Patch pipettes had a resistance of 8�C11 M�� when filled with the internal solution consisting of (in mm): 110 K-MeSO4, 40 Hepes, 0.15 BAPTA, 6 NaOH, 0.02 CaCl2, 4.6 MgCl2, 4 Na-ATP and 0.3 Na-GTP (adjusted to pH 7.3 with KOH). Capacitance measures were determined directly from the amplifier setting. All voltage recordings were corrected for a measured liquid junction potential of 6 mV. Data were analysed using pCLAMP 8.2 (Axon Instruments) software. Na+ currents were re-filtered off-line at 3 kHz. Current amplitude was measured at the peak of each tracing. INaR kinetics was studied by fitting the current activation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERTK and decay phases with a double exponential function in the form: I=A1exp(?t/��1) +A2exp(?t/��2) +C. Na+ permeabilities (PNa) were calculated from current amplitudes (INa) by applying the Goldman equation in the form: Current-clamp data obtained on cerebellar slices were analysed in the Igor Pro 5.01 environment (Wavemetrics Inc, Lake Oswego, OR, USA) using Neuromatic software (Jason Rothman, University College London, UK; http://www.neuromatic.thinkrandom.com). Measures of AP overshoot, rise time, half-width and AHP amplitude were performed on the first action potential elicited by liminar current injection, unless otherwise stated. Results are presented as means ��s.e.m., unless otherwise specified (Fig. 4), and n represents the number of cells examined. When data were normally distributed (Shapiro�CWilk http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adrucil(Fluorouracil).html test), statistical difference between groups were tested using Student's two-tailed http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SRT1720.html t test for unpaired data (unless otherwise stated). P was considered significant at P