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After approval by Institutional Review Board in all centres, records of patients who had a RCC arising in the context of ESRD who underwent a renal transplantation or not were reviewed. The following variables were assessed and were recorded in a unique database: age, sex, body mass index, history of hypertension, symptoms at diagnosis, duration of ESRD, mode and duration of dialysis, renal transplantation, tumour staging and grading, histological subtype and outcome. In all, 303 RCC cases were identified between July 1985 and April 2009 in 206 men (76.3%) and 64 women (23.7%). Tumour stage was determined according to the 2002 TNM classification [7]. Histological subtype was recorded according to the 2004 WHO classification [8]. Tumours were graded according to the F��hrman http://www.selleckchem.com/products/INCB18424.html http://www.selleck.cn/products/VX-770.html grading scheme by pathologists at each institution [9]. The endpoint of interest was the role of transplantation. Patients' characteristics in both the transplanted and not transplanted groups were compared by using chi-squared (or Fisher) and t-tests for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for investigating time to the event occurrence. In the univariate analysis, a P http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html are compared in Table?2. Six patients (3%) and 21 patients (23%) died from RCC in the transplant and not transplant groups, respectively. The median (range) follow-up for this population was 36?(1�C277)?months. The 5-year progression-free survival was 88% in transplanted patients and 52% in not transplanted patients (log-rank P