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04% to 1.50% fetal cells. They reported excellent agreement and correlation (R2=0.99) between observed and expected fetal cell percentages. Additionally, the predicted lower limit for the quantitation of FMH was 1.6 mL with a maximum CV of 15%, which is well-below the 15 mL threshold for additional RhIg dosing [ 53]. The application of a hematology analyzer for the quantitation of FMH is especially appealing, as it is fully automated, precise, and has a wide range of linearity. Additional studies to see if other antibodies, such as anti-HbF, are suitable for this platform are needed. RhIg prophylaxis has reduced the overall risk of Rh immunization from 13.2% to 0.2%, and testing for large FMH has further decreased the risk to 0.14%. The few cases http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-737.html of Rh immunization have been mostly attributed to the occurrence of events prior to 28 weeks gestation [ 54]. The rosette screen has been shown to be a highly sensitive method to qualitatively detect large FMHs of ��10 mL (0.2% fetal cells), with 15 mL serving as the threshold for increased RhIg dosing. As http://www.selleck.cn/products/Methazolastone.html the test is designed to give a negative result when the amount of FMH is small (i.e. http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nutlin-3.html difficult to offer around-the-clock. Flow cytometry is not without its limitations, as the anti-D method is limited to the clinical scenario of D antigen incompatibility and may not reliably detect weak and partial D. Although anti-HbF flow cytometry can better distinguish F-cells from fetal cells compared to the Kleihauer-Betke test, concerns have been raised whether anti-HbF labeling underestimates massive FMH [ 50]. The limitations of the one-antibody approach can be addressed by using two antibodies (i.e. anti-D and anti-HbF, or antibodies to some other antigen expressed differentially on fetal and adult cells, such as i or CA). This way, one test can be ordered for all patients, regardless of D status or history of F-cell elevations.