Sarkari Yojana 2021 - What Needs To Be Done To Improve Education In India

KEEPING CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN SCHOOL

IMPACT High

TERM Short

India has 2.5 million children and young people, aged between 4 and 17, out of school. The country has made progress in universalizing basic education, but there are still major challenges in early childhood education and in maintaining children and young people in the last years of elementary school and in high school. Among young people aged 15 to 17, ideal age range for high school, 15% are not in school and have not completed this stage. So Narendra Modi Government launch a complete list of Sarkari Yojana 2021.

It is necessary to promote actions to reduce school failure in elementary school. High failure rates cause delays in school life and lead to drop-out, which is very high in the final years of elementary school and in high school. Half of young people aged 15 to 17 who are currently out of school have left the classroom while still in elementary school. It is also up to governments to implement programs to find children who are out of school and bring them into the teaching environment. In early childhood education, it is necessary to increase the supply of daycare centers and preschools.

How much Sarkari Yojana 2021 is effective for public?

EQUATING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING

IMPACT High

Average Term

WHAT? The service is still very uneven, which already begins in the first years of life. Among the 25% of wealthiest families, only 4% of children are out of preschool. At the other extreme, of the poorest 25%, 12% are out. Inequality is also expressed in levels of learning. Even among public schools, units that serve poorer students have worse conditions than those with students of higher socioeconomic status.

LIKE? Providing similar conditions of care for the different sections of the population is essential, either for the infrastructure or for the quality of the teachers. This equity goes through the definition of minimum quality criteria. It is necessary to privilege schools with more difficulties, with resources and pedagogical practices.

IMPROVE TEACHERS' SALARIES BY INCREASING THE REQUIREMENT

IMPACT High

Average Term

WHAT? The more than 2 million teachers of basic education earn, on average, the equivalent of just over half the salary of the rest of the other qualified professionals. Countries with educational success pay their teachers better, and the profession has more prestige than in India. On the other hand, it is more difficult to train as a teacher in these places, and teachers are more.

LIKE? Raising initial earnings is essential, but only structuring a teaching career that encourages personal development can help ensure that good professionals do not abandon their careers and that talented young people seek teaching. However, it is necessary to establish minimum performance so that the person can exercise teaching.

IMPROVE TEACHER TRAINING COURSES

IMPACT High

Average Term

WHAT? In general, initial teacher education is deficient. Professionals have graduated without the proper preparation to teach students. The volume of content related to specific knowledge of teaching and practical activities is low. In the letters course, for example, only 6% of the workload is dedicated to didactics, methodologies and teaching practices.

LIKE? Teacher training needs a new curricular matrix that is directly linked to what the National Common Curricular Base provides (document that defines what Indian students have the right to learn). This connection is essential for teachers to create teaching strategies to achieve learning objectives.

CHANGE THE CHOICE OF DIRECTORS

IMPACT High

Average Term

WHAT? Studies show an impact on the educational indicators of a school with the presence of a good director. But there are obstacles: today there is a predominance of political indication, lack of specific training for school management and absence of organizational policies that allow the director to focus on learning, away from bureaucratic activities.

LIKE? It is necessary to eliminate political indications as the only form of selection. Contests or voting by the school board are formats with a greater chance of success. The São Paulo state network, for example, held a last specific competition for directors that provides specific training for management and the possibility of dismissal after a period if there are no results. The networks need to ensure that the director has more autonomy and time to focus on pedagogical monitoring. The participation of students and families is also essential to facilitate management tasks.

REDUCE TEACHER ABSENCE RATE

IMPACT High

TERM Short

WHAT? Public schools in the country face a high rate of teacher absence. Absences result in teacher turnover in the classroom and loss of classes, which impacts the educational outcome. The problem still represents an increase in spending on substitutes. 2015 data from the municipal and state networks of São Paulo indicate an average of 30 days of absence in one year. Almost 40% of them refer to sick leave, but another almost 30% are justified or paid absences.

LIKE? A career and salary review should be combined with goals to reduce absences. Some networks link low absenteeism rates to bonuses and prizes. But absenteeism is related to career shortages and working conditions. In São Paulo, two out of ten teachers teach at more than one school. Fixing them in one is part of solving the problem, as well as strengthening health programs for professionals.

ORGANIZE THE CURRICULUM

IMPACT Medium

TERM Medium and long (initial implementation has already occurred, but this should be a process of permanent review)

WHAT? The country has never had a reference that indicates what students should learn each year and stage of basic education. This is the objective of the National Common Curricular Base, whose block of early childhood education and basic education was completed in 2017 (the part of high school is under discussion). Without this reference, teaching in India has been guided by textbooks and entrance exams, often lacking an adequate progression of contents.

LIKE? Networks have already organized themselves to build their own curricula in the light of the base. Greater participation of teachers and students in this process will facilitate adaptation in the classroom. International experiences show the need for investments in teacher training.