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Adjusting these models also for socioeconomic factors (total income and early disability pension) decreased the associations for the outcome of any fracture (HR?=?1.31, 95% CI 1.26�C1.36) and more for hip fractures (HR?=?1.32, 95% CI 1.09�C1.59). A high educational level (university education versus elementary http://www.selleckchem.com/products/a-1155463.html school only) was associated with a decreased risk of one fracture (HR?=?0.67, 95% CI 0.65�C0.69) and especially hip fractures (HR?=?0.51, 95% CI 0.41�C0.57), after adjustment for basic confounders (Fig. 2). Adjusting these models also for socioeconomic factors (total income and early disability pension) changed the associations marginally for the outcome of any fracture (HR?=?0.75, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/cb-5083.html 95% CI 0.73�C0.77) and more for hip fractures (HR?=?0.71, 95% CI 0.63�C0.81) (Fig. 2). Based on the number of fractures occurring in the different educational groups and the size of these groups, we estimated that university education among all men in the study would reduce the total number fractures by 20.5% and the number of hip fractures by 31.8%. The effects of smoking (yes/no) on the associations were investigated in a subcohort including 1,754 incident fractures. Smoking only marginally attenuated the association for the highest versus lowest decile of overall cognitive function (HR?=?1.32 versus HR?=?1.26), and for highest versus lowest education (HR?=?0.80 versus HR?=?0.83) and one fracture. Smoking was not adjusted for in other analyses. The cumulative incidence of hip fractures for deciles of overall cognitive function and the different education levels is shown in Fig. 3. The 150th hip fracture was reached at an age of 43.1 years of age in the lowest decile of overall cognitive function compared with 53.6 years of age in the highest decile (Fig. 3A). Moreover, the 150th hip fracture per 100,000 subjects was reached at 42.1 years of age in those with elementary school only compared with 52.6 years of age in the group with university education (Fig. 3B). All tests of cognitive http://www.selleck.cn/products/PD-0332991.html function were associated with educational level (r?=?0.34�C0.53, p?