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Although here, results in the literature are inconsistent. While some authors found significant changes in both osteocalcin and urinary N-telopeptide (Wang et?al., 2001), some only found changes in urine N-telopeptide (Guo et?al., 1997), and others found no significant changes in either marker (Snyder et?al., 1999; Kenny et?al., 2001). http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html Bone mineral density decreases with age in both men and women. The degree of bone loss increases with age, to the extent that between the ages of 45 and 75, 0.30% of bone is lost per year, while between the ages of 70 and 74, the rate of bone loss increases to 0.75% per year (Emaus et?al., 2006). Similar tendencies have been seen in other studies with elderly men aged 67�C90?years (Hannan et?al., 2000). In these studies, bone loss was demonstrably greater in women. This is probably ascribable to oestrogen deficiency, which would suggest that men with androgen deficiency would also have higher degrees of bone loss. Testosterone acts directly on the bone through androgen receptors (Abu et?al., 1997) and indirectly through the oestrogen receptors alpha and beta (Bord et?al., 2001) after their peripheral aromatization. Androgen deficiency will therefore also bring about an oestrogen deficiency, and the combination of the two will lead to a decrease in BMD. Some studies associate a reduction in free testosterone with loss of BMD (Lorentzon et?al., 2005). Others believe that a decrease http://www.selleck.cn/products/carfilzomib-pr-171.html in estradiol is a more important factor (Szulc et?al., 2001). Most, however, believe both factors to be related (Khosla et?al., 2002; Fink et?al., 2006). There are authors http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Metformin-hydrochloride(Glucophage).html who have gone even further, showing that loss of BMD also leads to a greater risk of fractures (Kenny et?al., 2001; Cauley et?al., 2010). A number of authors have suggested that the lumbar spine is the most vulnerable point (Mellstrom et?al., 2006), while others think it is the hip (Tuck et?al., 2008). We found decreased BMD in both the lumbar spine and the hip in baseline measurements, ranging from simple osteopenia (T-score