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Final renal function was classified according to K/DIGO guidelines. We studied 708 OLT recipients, transplanted between September 1992 and March 2007; mean age 44?��?12.6?yr, mean follow-up 3.6?yr (28.8%��5?yr). Renal dysfunction before OLT was known in 21.6%. According to the RIFLE classification, ARF occurred in 33.2%: 16.8% were R class, 8.5% I class and 7.9% F class. CKD developed in 45.6%, with stages 4 or 5d in 11.3%. Mortality for R, I and F classes were, respectively, 10.9%, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/obeticholic-acid.html 13.3% and 39.3%. Severity of ARF correlated with development of CKD: stage 3 was associated with all classes of ARF, stages 4 and 5d only with severe ARF. Hemodialysis requirement (23%) and mortality were only correlated with the most severe form of ARF (F class). In conclusion, RIFLE classification is a useful tool to stratify the severity of early ARF providing a prognostic indicator for the risk of CKD occurrence and death. ""Wu K, Mo X, Lu S, Han Z. Retrograde delivery of stem cells: promising delivery strategy for myocardial regenerative therapy. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 830�C833. ? 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:? Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current strategies for treatment are limited, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Experimental studies and clinical trials suggest that stem cell transplantation may improve cardiac function and prevent cardiac remodeling of the injured heart. Although the results of the studies were exciting, many problems remain to be resolved such as the best method of delivering the targeted cells. Direct injection into the myocardium and intracoronary artery infusion are the two most used methods of delivery in clinical settings. However, in a portion of patients with occluded coronary arteries and poor collaterals, transplanted cells may not reach the target ischemic lesion. To resolve this problem, we hypothesize that retrograde coronary venous delivery of stem cells may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the patients with occluded coronary arteries and poor collaterals. ""Bj?rneklett R, Vikse BE, Smerud HK, Bostad L, Leivestad T, Hartmann A, Iversen BM. Pre-transplant course and risk of kidney transplant failure in IgA nephropathy patients. Clin Transplant 2011: 25: E356�CE365. ? 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract:? Background:? There is lack of knowledge to what degree clinical/morphological presentation and course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) prior to end-stage renal disease are risk factors for graft loss after kidney transplantation. Material and Methods:? Patients with IgAN between 1988 and 2006 (registered in the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry) who later received a kidney transplant (registered in the Norwegian Renal Registry) were included. The cohort was followed up regarding death-censored graft loss throughout 2008. Graft survival with a rapid progressive (RP) vs. a slow progressive (SP) course of pre-Tx IgAN (annual GFR > or