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Twenty-two healthy males were included in a randomized study to assess the changes in EPs after 110 sweeps of painful electrical stimulation to http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MS-275.html the median nerve following treatment with buprenorphine, fentanyl or placebo patches. Bone pressure, cutaneous heat and electrical pain ratings were assessed. EPs and pain assessments were obtained before drug administration, 24, 48, 72 and 144?h after beginning of treatment. Features from EPs were extracted by three different approaches: (i) visual inspection of amplitude and latency of the main peaks in the average EPs, (ii) spectral distribution of the average EPs and (iii) spectral distribution of the EPs from single-sweeps. Visual inspection revealed no difference between active treatments and placebo (all P > 0.05). Spectral distribution of the https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinapyramine averaged potentials showed a decrease in the beta (12�C32?Hz) band for fentanyl (P = 0.036), which however did not correlate with pain ratings. Spectral distribution in the single-sweep EPs revealed significant increases in the theta, alpha and beta bands for buprenorphine (all P http://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html potentials was sensitive to the effect of opioids. The analgesic effect of buprenorphine is reflected in the beta band. The results indicate that electroencephalographic ��fingerprinting�� can be used to characterize the brains response to analgesics. Opioids constitute the most potent analgesics currently known and are the prevailing drugs for treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain [1, 2]. However, the analgesic effect of opioids are influenced by genetic and environmental factors which makes the effect different between individuals [3-5]. This could explain why 40% of chronic pain patients are dissatisfied with their treatment [6]. Commonly the analgesic effect is assessed using subjective measures such as the visual analogue scale, but to date no robust objective measure has been presented for assessment of the analgesic effect of opioids [7]. Pharmaco-electroencephalography (EEG) recorded as evoked brain potentials (EPs) has been proven as a viable tool for analyzing changes in cortical activity following administration of different analgesics [2].