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There was no difference between Js measured in the outer 20?mm on the north-and south-facing sides (P?>?0.1), so we did not apply circumferential corrections. We accounted for a measured decline in Js with increasing sapwood depth as in Phillips et?al. (1996) and Sch?fer et?al. (2002). Atmospheric humidity and temperature were measured with a capacitive relative humidity sensor and a thermistor (Vaisala HMP 35C; Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT, USA) suspended in the http://www.selleck.cn/products/ve-821.html upper third of the canopy in each stand, and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) (D) was calculated from relative humidity and air temperature. Leaf transpiration (El) and canopy conductance (Gs) were calculated using monthly measurements of LAI and a site-specific relationship between DBH and SA (Drake et?al. 2010) as in Ewers et?al. (2001). We measured the stable carbon isotope composition (��13C) of wood to investigate if ci/c. measured by gas exchange was characteristic of the long-term behaviour of these trees. Biomass ��13C values are often used as long-term integrators of ci/c. (Farquhar, Oleary & Berry 1982; Katul, Ellsworth & Lai 2000; Dawson et?al. 2002) because the relative importance of isotopic fractionation by ribulose 1��5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Cisplatin.html carboxylation (fractionation of ?27��) versus diffusion through the stomatal pore (fractionation of 4.4��) varies with ci/c. Previously, we reported wood ��13C values of the last 5 years of growth of eight pines per site (Drake et?al. 2010); we include these data as an independent reference for the measurements of http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Vorinostat-saha.html ci/c. derived from gas exchange. Wood was sampled with tree cores, dried, ground and analysed for ��13C at the University of Illinois using an elemental analyser (ECS 4010; Costech Analytical) coupled to a Conflo IV interface (Thermo, Bremen, Germany) and a Delta-V advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo). The precision calculated from 12 samples run in duplicate was 0.09��, and the average measured deviation of an in-house isotopic reference material was