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Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and both patients and controls were classified according to the BMI-for-age percentiles into underweight (85th percentile) and obese (>95th percentile; Ref. 19). PedsQL4.0 http://www.selleckchem.com/products/BIBF1120.html and SF-36 questionnaires were used to measure HRQoL. PedsQL4.0 is a generic, standardized and internationally widely used questionnaire with proxy forms for the youngest age groups (children http://www.selleck.cn/products/carfilzomib-pr-171.html interview for sexual functioning self report (DISF-SR) was used to quantify the quality of the adult patients�� quality of sexual functioning (24). The 25 questions of the DISF-SR are arranged into five domains: sexual cognition/fantasy, sexual arousal, sexual behavior, orgasm and sexual drive/relationship. Each item is rated on a five- or nine-point Likert scale and total scores are calculated for each domain in addition to an aggregate total score. Higher scores only indicate better functioning on the orgasm domain whereas on other domains they imply a higher activity level. We also asked the adult patients and controls to fill the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in their native language to assess alcohol consumption, possible alcohol abuse and its effects on HRQoL. All 10 questions are rated on a three- or five-point Likert scale with a maximum http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Metformin-hydrochloride(Glucophage).html of four points per question yielding a maximum sum of 40 points. A total of ��8 points is associated with increased health risks (25). The patients and controls filled a survey on the patients�� and parental education levels (compulsory education, i.e. grades 1�C9; high school, vocational school, college or university) and employment status. Adult patients and controls were also asked about possible contraception use, pregnancy wishes, pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases.