Neuro Effects of Opioids on the Human Brain

This paper is an examination of the neuro effects of opioids on the human brain. The research examines the brain receptors, region, enzymes, agonists involved, and the results of its interaction with opioids. Examination of the pharmacological effect on receptors located in the neural cell membranes shows that the most important aspect is the modulation of the K and Ca ions channels. This is mediated by the activation of the delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors in the peripheral and central nervous systems. The study found that opioid receptors are coupled by guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G-proteins) to the K+ channel and voltage sensitive Ca++ channel, particularly, the N type channel. The channels are inhibited if K+ outwards release is increased leading to short polarization time.

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