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2). The cervical point (cep, Fig. 2) is the orthogonal projection of the intermediary point on the cervical plane. The plane of maximal curvature was calculated using a last squares regression on six regularly spaced points measured at the junction between eruptive and penetrative portions. The curvature point (cup, Fig. 2) is the orthogonal projection of the barycenter of these six points on the plane of maximal curvature. The apical point (app, Fig. 2) was measured at the apex of the root. The index PPI was calculated using this formula: for each root, where d(cup,app) is the three-dimensional Euclidian distance between the points cup and app. The angle aPE is defined as the angle formed by the points cep, cup, and app (Fig. 2) and calculated in a three-dimensional Cartesian space. For teeth having more than two roots, mesial (respectively distal) roots were studied as one http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html root, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%CE%BAB%CE%B1 and the values of PPI and aPE were averaged. Each tooth from P3 to M3 is thus considered as two-rooted, and each specimen is consequently represented by 26 values (13 PPI and 13 aPE). For lacking roots, PPI and aPE are replaced by average values of the other extant specimens of the sample. To test the correlation between data and specimen size, the occlusal surface of M1 of each specimen was measured as size estimation (Gingerich et al., 1982; Conroy, 1987). The diet of primates is often composite and therefore difficult to characterize (Rowe, 1996 and references herein). Many primates are fruits-eaters (e.g., Pan, Pongo, Cercopithecus), but adaptations to folivory or insectivory are also often observed (e.g., Gorilla and Colobus for folivory, Loris for insectivory). Predominant diet is often completed by other food types, for example Chimpanzees are mainly frugivores, but also eat leaves, animal matter, seeds, barks and piths (Tutin and Fernandez, 1992; Newton-Fisher, 1999; Rodman, 2002). Here, we study the impact of the proportion in diet of five food types: leaves (fibrous), animal matter and more precisely vertebrates, seeds (hard) and fruits (soft). All these food types are consumed by at least one fourth of the species of the sample. For each food type, we defined categories depending on the frequency of consumption (Table 2): Predominant (>50%), High (25�C50%), Low (1�C25%), and Negligible http://www.selleckchem.com/products/DMXAA(ASA404).html (