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For synaptic stimulation, bipolar electrodes were used to activate corticostriatal glutamatergic fibres (0.1?Hz). Pulse interval was 40?ms for the experiments on paired pulse ratio (PPR). Amplitudes of eEPSCs were largely dependent on the intensity of stimulation and on the distance between the stimulating and recording sites, and normally ranged between 100 and 500?pA. Evoked, spontaneous, and miniature synaptic events were stored by using P-CLAMP 9 (Axon Instruments) and analysed off line on a personal computer with Mini Analysis 5.1 (Synaptosoft, Leonia, NJ) software. The detection threshold of spontaneous and miniature excitatory events was set at twice the baseline noise. Baseline noise was calculated with Mini Analysis 5.1 by analysing random raw traces (3 of about 400?ms http://www.selleckchem.com/products/GDC-0449.html for each cell) not containing synaptic events. Membrane noise was not significantly different between CFA (n = 20) and EAE (n = 22) neurons (1.6 �� 0.10?pA for CFA neurons, 1.4 �� 0.18?pA for 20�C25?dpi EAE neurons). The absence of false https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinapyramine positive events was confirmed by visual inspection for each experiment. Offline analysis was performed without knowledge of the treatments, on spontaneous and miniature synaptic events recorded during fixed time epochs (3�C5?min, 3�C6 samplings), sampled every 5 or 10?min. Only cells that exhibited stable frequencies in control (less than 20% changes during the control samplings) were taken into account. Striatal neurons from EAE mice were compared with those obtained from mice treated with CFA alone. One to six cells per animal were recorded. For each type of experiment and time point, at least five distinct animals were employed for each experimental group. Throughout the text, ��n�� refers http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MS-275.html to the number of animals, unless otherwise specified. Electrophysiological data are presented as the mean �� SEM, and statistical analysis was performed using a paired or unpaired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's test. The significance level was established at P