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f.); spraying with fungicide Punch C significantly decreased the size of leaf lesions of L.?maculans that developed on cvs Courage and Canberra (Fig.?1). There was also a significant difference in size of leaf lesions between inoculum treatments (P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057.html 0��12, 68 d.f.) and cultivars (P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MDV3100.html of DNA of L.?maculans (P?=?0��025, SED 0��27, 5 d.f.) and L.?biglobosa (P?=?0��047, SED 0��18, 5 d.f.) in the leaf tissues. There was an interaction between cultivar and inoculum treatment (P?=?0��007, SED 0��20, 68 d.f.). There was more L.?maculans DNA in leaves of Courage than leaves of Canberra, but there was little difference between the two cultivars in amount of L.?biglobosa DNA. The numbers and patterns of ascospores released varied between growing seasons (Figs?3a,c and 4a,c). In all four growing seasons, few or no ascospores were observed before mid-September. The dates of the first major ascospore release (the date when ��10?ascospores?m?3 air were collected by the Burkard spore sampler; Huang et?al., 2005) differed between seasons (Table?1). After the first major release of ascospores was observed, ascospores continued to be released until spring in each season. In 2003/2004, when there was little rainfall in September/October, ascospore release http://www.selleck.cn/products/pd-1-pd-l1-inhibitor-2.html started about 2?months later than in the other three growing seasons and there were fewer ascospores released than in the other seasons. In 2006/2007 and 2007/2008, periodic changes in amounts of L.?maculans and L.?biglobosa DNA (determined by qPCR) showed that there were differences between the two seasons in patterns of L.?maculans and L.?biglobosa ascospore release (Fig.?5). In 2006/2007, the daily amount of L.?maculans DNA was greater than that of L.?biglobosa DNA on most days (Fig.?5a). The mean amount of L.?maculans DNA was significantly greater than that of L.?biglobosa DNA (P?=?0��001, SED 0��10, 304 d.f.). This suggests that there were significantly more L.?maculans ascospores than L.?biglobosa ascospores. There were significant differences between different months in the amount of DNA of L.?maculans (P?