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The adipose tissue surrounding the renal hilum was left intact as much as possible. The renal artery and vein were circumferentially mobilized from the renal hilum to the proximal ends as close as possible to their origins from the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The posterior lumbar vein, spermatic vein and adrenal vein were circumferentially mobilized, ligated and cut in turn by harmonic scalpels. If the diameter of the vein was less than or equal to 3?mm, the vein was coagulated and cut at once by ultrasonic coagulating shears of harmonic scalpels. If the diameter was more than 3?mm, the vein was ligated by two Hem-o-locks and transected between them. The ureter was identified and transected with scissors near the junction of the iliac vessels after distal clamping. A transverse 6-cm skin incision was extended from the second trocar, and the subscutaneous tissue and muscles were cut. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketanserin Then, the incision was blocked by the surgeon's left hand to prevent gas leakage. With the help of the surgeon's left hand, the renal artery was controlled with two Hem-o-lock clips at the proximal end as close as possible to its origins from the abdominal http://www.selleckchem.com/products/midostaurin-pkc412.html aorta and subsequently rapidly transected with scissors without any clips on the kidney side. The renal vein was controlled and transected similarly. Then the kidney was taken out by the surgeon's left hand as soon as possible, and placed immediately in an iced organ-preservation solution for renal perfusion. The operation time during the process of managing posterior lumbar vein was processed by one-way anova using spss 13.0 software. P? http://www.selleckchem.com/products/liproxstatin-1.html after the operation. There were seven types in total, which are shown in Figures?1 and 2. Type 1: The lumbar vein runs parallel to the route of the renal artery, perpendicular to the psoas major and drains into the left renal vein dorsally (ratio of 29.5%, 18/61 cases), shown in Figure?1a. Type 2: The lumbar azygos vein passes the renal artery dorsally, and imports the left renal vein dorsally (ratio of 16.4%, 10/61 cases), shown in Figure?1b. Type 3: One lumbar vein runs parallel to the route of the renal artery, perpendicular to the psoas major; another lumbar azygos vein passes the renal artery dorsally and imports the left renal vein dorsally; these two veins import the left renal vein dorsally and separately (ratio of 16.4%, 10/61 cases), shown in Figure?1c. Type 4: One lumbar vein runs parallel to the route of the renal artery, perpendicular to the psoas major; another lumbar azygos vein passes the renal artery dorsally; these two veins confluence to form the reno-hemi-azygo-lumbar trunk (AZV) and drain into the left renal vein dorsally (ratio of 16.4%, 10/61 cases), shown in Figure?1d.