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Crenolanib is a FLT3 ITD inhibitor that while less active vs. FLT3 ITDs than quizartinib is active vs. the D835 mutation commonly seen at treatment failure after quizartinib [33]. Hence a combination of quiazartinib?+?crenolanib is of interest. Sorafenib is the only FLT3 ITD inhibitor that is currently available. A randomized trial (276 patients) presented at ASH 2012 noted that addition of sorafenib to standard chemotherapy in patients aged http://www.selleck.cn/products/mi-773-sar405838.html EFS (64% vs. 50% median follow-up 18 months) to greater extent than OS (72% vs. 66%) [34]; a breakdown by FLT3 status was not provided. Several randomized trials have not found that this nucleoside analog more effective than standard therapy. The CLASSIC1 trial [35] involved 326 patients aged?>?50 and approximately equally divided between relapsed and primary refractory assigned to ��high-dose�� ara-C (HiDAC: 1g/m2 days 1�C5) +/? clofarabine 40mg/m2 days 1�C5. While CR rate was superior with clofarabine (35% vs. 23%) RFS was not and together with a higher TRM rate (16% vs. 5%) resulted in similar OS (medians 6.6 and 6.3 months). Application http://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html of the TRM model [3] might identify patients less likely to incur TRM and hence more likely to have improved OS with clofarabine?+?HiDAC. The intensive arm of the MRC/NCRI AML16 trial randomized 806 older patients considered ��fit for intensive therapy�� between daunoubicin (50mg/m2 an days 1�C3) together with either http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib-Mesylate.html clofarabine (20 mg/m2 on days 1�C3) or ara-C (100 mg/m2 on days 1�C10) [36]. CR rates (66�C71%), 3- year CIR (68�C74%) and OS (22�C23%) did not differ between the arms nor was there a suggestion that certain groups, for example as defined by cyogenetics or concurrent receipt of GO, benefited more from one arm than the other. AML16 randomized 406 patients (median age 74) considered unfit for intensive therapy between low dose ara-C (LDAC) and clofarabine (20mg/m2 days 1�C5) [37]. While clofarabine produced a higher CR rate (22% vs. 12%), OS in patients not achieving CR and OS from relapse were both better with LDAC leading to similar OS in the two arms, again with no interactions between treatment and covariates such as cytogenetics or administration of GO. A Polish study randomized 652 patients aged?