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102). There was no correlation between the donor-patient HLA-disparities and posttransplant graft failure. The disease status at the time of transplantation (standard vs. high risk) was the only significant determinant for posttransplant disease progression/recurrence, event-free survival, and overall survival. Multivariate analyses [36], performed separately on groups of patients receiving BM or M-PB grafts, with variables showing P value http://www.selleck.cn/products/mi-773-sar405838.html 3/4 acute GVHD (7%), and a low incidence of chronic GVHD (33%). Thus, none of our patients died due to VOD and http://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-770.html TRM due to GVHD was rare (3 of 128 patients, 2%). These results differed from our experience in the historical cohort of 47 patients, aged 15 to 50 years, who underwent UD-bone marrow transplantation at the Asan Medical Center after myeloablative busulfan-cyclophosphamide conditioning; in these patients, the TRM rate was 34% and GVHD was the most common cause of TRM (9 of 47, 19%; unpublished data). In our current study patients, the most common causes of TRM were graft failure (n = 7) and infections (n = 5). We found that graft failure was correlated with graft source, in that rates of failure were significantly higher in patients transplanted with BM than with M-PB grafts (6 of 41 vs. 2 of 87 patients; P = 0.009). Among patients transplanted with BM grafts, graft failure was more common in those receiving fewer mononuclear cells. The importance of BM mononuclear cell contents in donor cell engraftment after UD-bone marrow transplantation was shown in another study using ATG- containing conditioning regimens [15]. These findings indicate that, when RIC containing ATG is used in UD-HCT, M-PB, rather than BM, may be the preferred http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Imatinib-Mesylate.html graft source. Currently, M-PB is the dominant source of UD grafts in most countries [3]. For example, since 2008, M-PB grafts have been used almost exclusively for UD-HCT in Korea. If BM grafts are used, however, their mononuclear cell counts may need to be higher than 0.7 �� 108/kg of patient body weight. The favorable outcomes in terms of low TRM and low GVHD observed in our study may reflect the facts that a large proportion of patients with younger ages, as well as patients without significant comorbidity, were included in the study. Alternatively, some of the components of the RIC regimen we used, a modification of that reported previously [37], either individually or in combination, may have contributed to its beneficial effects on TRM.