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0). The full ultrasonic range was monitored simultaneously using a modified frequency division detector (Pettersson Ultrasound Detector D230). Pups were identified by plantar surface tattoos, which were placed after testing on PND3, and genotyped after weaning. Data from 25 male Fmr1KO and 13 male WT mice were analyzed by two-way https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlormezanone (genotype �� day) ANOVA with repeated measures. Unless otherwise noted, data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (background �� genotype) or three-way (background �� genotype �� repeated measure) ANOVA using the SPSS statistical software package (SPSS, Chicago, IL). Regardless of whether there was a significant strain �� genotype interaction, one-way ANOVA was performed to compare KO and WT mice within each line. The level of significance was set at P��0.05. For all assays, results are reported first for overall effect of the Fmr1 null mutation across all six genetic backgrounds, and then for differences between Fmr1KO and WT littermates within each background. As expected, a main effect of genetic background was observed in all measures reported (see http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Fludarabine(Fludara).html Table I for P values) with the exception of data that was normalized. Most males with FXS exhibit hyperactivity and/or hyperarousal [Hagerman, 2002]. Fmr1KO mice were tested in the open field for 30?min on 2 consecutive days (6 �� 10?min intervals) to assess exploratory activity and habituation to a novel environment. There was a main effect of genotype for total distance traveled (F(1, 175) http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html = 16.467, PWT) were observed in three of the genetic backgrounds: B6 (P = 0.006), B6D2 (P = 0.001), and B6F (P = 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the B6A, B6S1, or B6CD backgrounds. Looking at distance traveled during the 10-min intervals as a measure of habituation to a novel environment, there was no overall interval �� genotype interaction (F(5, 875) = 0.904, P = 0.478). However, in the B6F background there was a significant interval �� genotype interaction on the first day (data not shown; F(2, 60) = 4.672, P = 0.013). B6F-Fmr1WT mice showed significant decreases in distance traveled from the first to the second interval (P