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It is imperative for clinicians to take into account the overall likelihood that the cancer might have been under-graded on the diagnostic biopsy, when offering treatments optimized for patients with low-grade disease http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MG132.html such as active surveillance. 79 Rural residency and prostate cancer specific mortality: results from the Victorian Radical Prostatectomy Register N. PAPA*,?, N. LAWRENTSCHUK*, D. MULLER?, R. MACINNIS?, A. TA*, G. SEVERI?, J. MILLAR?, R. SYME��, G. GILES? and D. BOLTON* *Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; ?Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; ?Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia; ��Epworth Freemasons Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Introduction:?Rural cancer patients are known to have poorer clinical outcomes. We analysed long-term data from a population registry to determine the effect of rural residency on survival following radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa). Patients and Methods:?Men who underwent RP in Victoria from 1995�C2000 were recorded in a whole of population register. As well as clinical and pathological features, the register captured demographic information such as location and socioeconomic status. Overall mortality and PCa specific mortality were recorded until 2009 as were follow-up PSA test results. Over the accrual period, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html 2154 Victorian men underwent RP surgery. Follow up information was available for 2115 men (98.2%). Men who had received neoadjuvant therapy or were missing data for socioeconomic status, tumour grade and stage were excluded from our analysis leaving 1984 patients (92.1% of total register). 238 deaths were observed of which 77 were PCa specific. Multivariable Cox and competing hazards regression analyses were performed with the outcome measures overall mortality and PCa specific mortality. Results:?Living in a rural area was observed to be associated with a greater than 2-fold higher hazard of PCa specific mortality after RP, subhazard ratio (SHR)?=?2.23 (95% CI 1.19�C4.18, P?=?0.012) even with adjustment for socioeconomic status, age at surgery, private or public system treatment, PSA level and tumour specific factors. It was not associated with overall mortality. Tumour grade, stage and biochemical recurrence were independently associated with greater hazard of overall mortality and PCa http://www.selleck.cn/products/Bleomycin-sulfate.html specific mortality. Rural patients were observed to have a lower number of follow-up PSA tests (7.3 vs 5.3, P?