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To identify recent trends in focal cryotherapy from a prospectively maintained treatment registry. We conducted an analysis of the COLD Registry to identify patients treated with partial gland prostate cryoablation between 1997 and 2007. The COLD Registry contained information for 5853 patients and focal cryotherapy was the codified procedure in 1160 patients (19.8%). Focal cryoablation is increasingly used for selected patients with prostate cancer. ""What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? For more than 150 years animal models have been used in the study of various aspects of urinary diversion http://www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-1775.html using bowel segments. For the first time this review provides a comprehensive analysis and synopsis of all animal models used in urinary diversion as a structured database for further research. We set out to critically assess the value of animal experimentation in urinary diversion through intestinal segments, as some authors question the effectiveness of animal research, criticising the methodological quality, lack of standardization, inadequate reporting and the few systematic reviews in this field. ""Study Type �C Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence?4 To evaluate the accuracy of frozen section (FS) assessment of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) during radical prostatectomy (RP) in a large contemporary cohort; and to analyse the contribution of FS to surgical http://www.selleck.cn/products/azd4547.html decision making in this setting. During a 4-year period at a single institution, RPs with PLN dissection (PLND) were reviewed. The number and size of the PLNs, and the size of metastases were measured. FS was performed on 349 bilateral PLNDs. Overall, 28 (8%) cases were positive for metastasis, http://www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD6244.html 11 of which were detected by FS (39%). The 17 false negatives, all of which contained metastases smaller than 5?mm, were due to failure to identify and freeze the positive PLNs (11), failure to section at the level of the metastatic tumour (four), or interpretative error (two). The sensitivity was not affected by the number of sampled nodes. The size of metastasis was the determining factor for the accuracy of FS, with metastases of ��5?mm having a sensitivity of 100%, and metastases of
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