Insurgency in the North-East India
An explosive email, put forth by an opposition figure and published in the local press, appeared to implicate Meghalaya’s Chief Minister, Dr. Mukul Sangma, in the use of militants to intimidate voters and silence critics. At least in part out of concern about Beijing’s growing influence in Burma, New Delhi offered no criticism of the genocidal attacks on the Rohingya, which displaced more than 850,000 people. Moreover, in 2018, India and Burma held their first bilateral military exercises. Demonstrating Naypyidaw’s recognition of New Delhi as a counterweight to Beijing, Burma’s military conducted raids on insurgent camps in 2019, and extradited twenty-two Indian guerrillas in May 2020. Indian officials believe that in exchange for their assistance fighting ethnic armed groups challenging the junta, northeastern Indian separatists have been given free rein to reestablish bases in Burma. India is also facing cross-border inflows of refugees, some of whom are rebels fighting the Tatmadaw, using territory in Mizoram and other border states as a safe rear area.
NGOs reported the state of Jammu and Kashmir held political prisoners and temporarily detained individuals under the Public Safety Act . More than 650 such cases were registered by the Jammu and Kashmir state government under the PSA through June and referred to the Jammu and Kashmir High Court. The law provides for an independent judiciary, but judicial corruption was widespread. For example, in May,The Hindunewspaper reported on the case of five judges facing impeachment proceedings for a variety of offenses, including allegations of corruption.
On the Assam-Nagaland border issue, an agreement was reached between the two states on July 31 to withdraw armed police forces by both sides from disputed locations, and normalcy has been restored. In a major breakthrough in the drive against human trafficking, 175 victims were rescued, 36 cases registered and 37 people arrested, the chief minister said. These developments have had a cumulative positive impact on the security situation in the State. Apart from fall registered in overall fatalities, other parameters of violence also indicated significant improvement.
Defendants enjoy the presumption of innocence, except as described under UAPA conditions, and may choose their counsel. The state provides free legal counsel to defendants who cannot afford it, but circumstances often limited access to competent counsel, and an overburdened justice system resulted in lengthy delays in court cases, with disposition sometimes taking more than a decade. There were developments related to the 2010 killing of Amit Jethwa, an RTI activist. In June the Gujarat High Court ordered a retrial after concluding that Dinu Solanki, a member of parliament at the time he was accused of ordering Jethwa’s killing, had tampered with witnesses after 105 out of 195 witnesses turned hostile during the trial.
Our troops and junior leadership were so well trained that it is a matter of pride, while we raided many hostile camps, captured large numbers of arms, ammunition and hostiles, not even once hostiles could target us. Many a times we would be dropped by choppers in the thick remote jungles with old quarter inch scale maps disoriented, not knowing our bearings and where to go for quite some time, as all the hills in the thick landmarks deprived jungles with no habitation around for miles looked alike. There was constant threat of hostile ambushes or straying into East Pakistan or Burma and troops, especially the column commanders remained at tenterhooks. The Indian Air Force MI-4 helicopters with fighter escorts were unable to reinforce troops to besieged 1 AR Aizawl location due to heavy and accurate fire of the MNF insurgents.
The Editors Guild of India expressed concern about the raids and called on the CBI to uphold due process of law and freedom of expression for media. On September 11,Hindustan Times owner Shobhana Bhartia announced editor in chief Bobby Ghosh’s exit from the media outlet. Ghosh had been critical of BJP leadership, including Prime Minister Modi, and was the creator of HT’s “Hate Tracker” regarding violence against Muslims; Dalits; women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex individuals ; and other discriminated groups. The law also permits authorities to hold a detainee in judicial custody without charge for up to 180 days . The Unlawful Activities Prevention Act , which gives authorities the ability to detain persons without charge in cases related to insurgency or terrorism, makes no bail provisions for foreign nationals and allows courts to deny bail in the case of detained citizens. It presumes the accused to be guilty if the prosecution can produce evidence of the possession of arms or explosives, or the presence of fingerprints at a crime scene, regardless of whether authorities demonstrate criminal intent.
On 9 August 2011, 4 GNLA militants were slain, including a senior commander, following a police operation. The first militant outfit to emerge in the region was the Hynniewtrep Achik Liberation Council , it was formed in 1992, aiming to protect the interests of Meghalaya's indigenous population from the rise of non-tribal ("Dkhar") immigration. This, however, failed to prevent the rise of national consciousness among the local tribal populations. This later led to a direct confrontation between Indian nationalism and the newly created Garo and Khasi nationalisms. A parallel rise of nationalism in the other members of the Seven Sister States further complicated the situation, resulting in occasional clashes between fellow rebel groups.
Only candidates belonging to these groups may contest elections in reserved constituencies. Members of minority populations previously served as prime minister, vice president, cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, and members of parliament. Approximately 70,000 stateless Bangladeshi Chakma persons lived in Arunachal Pradesh. During the year the Supreme Court ordered the central government and the Arunachal Pradesh state government to consider citizenship for Chakma and Hajong refugees who have lived in the state for almost 50 years.
The plains people, as opined by many others, consider the Mizos or Naga or Khasis as nomadic and uncivilised. These people, on the other hand, equally look upon the plains people with distrust and regard them as outsiders which transpires from their use of such disparaging terms like Dakhars , Vais , Mayang . This recalcitrant attitude from either side has poisoned the friendly relations among different groups of people, and thereby opened the gates of hostility.
Nevertheless, in most of the states in the northeast, anti-government militants retain significant nuisance value and often indulge in successful strikes against government interests. A fact that further jeopardizes mainland India’s links with the region is the thriving militancy in most of the northeast states. The demands of the different militant groups range from autonomy within the provisions of the Indian constitution to outright secession. In recent years, the Indian government has had some success in achieving stability in the region, using tactics from negotiations to military operations to root out militants. Ortheast India is the most volatile and insurgency affected place in the country after Kashmir.
My second tenure was much later in Nagaland from Jun 1986 to Jun 1990 in the Assam Rifles. In my last tenure before superannuation on 30 Sep 1995 from Punjab, then under the spell of insurgency, as the senior military intelligence officer, I had sufficient involvement with police and administration in taming Pakistan sponsored Khalistan insurgency. With the rest of the country and socio-economic development that includes a holistic inclusive development. With 96 per cent of the boundary of the region forming international borders, private investment has shied away from the region. In Meghalaya, the situation is quite different as the party banking on Mukul Sangma’s popularity can win several seats in the Garo Hills.
Some women reportedly were pressured to have tubal ligations, hysterectomies, or other forms of sterilization because of the payment structures for health workers and insurance payments for private facilities. In September 2016 the Supreme Court ordered the closure of all sterilization camps within three years. In a case of suspected honor killing in Telangana, police found a lower-caste Dalit man M. Dalit rights organizations rejected the police contention that it was a case of suicide and asserted the family members of an upper-caste girl were involved in his death. On April 6, the Hyderabad High Court ordered another autopsy on the body following protests and allegations that a local member of parliament was involved in a cover-up operation. On June 26, the Supreme Court sought responses from the national government and the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Delhi following a public interest litigation petition seeking a ban on FGM/C.
Laloo admitted that Meghalaya had its "share" of violence and banned militant outfits. "Many precious lives have been lost and people have been living under the shadow of fear. There is a constant threat of being kidnapped or killed by militants and terrorists," he said. The incident, which sent shock waves throughout the country's only matrilineal state, took place in Goera Rongat village, about 350km east of the state capital. Shaken by what most in the northeast described as "an unprecedented crime", chief minister Mukul Sangma said, "I condemn the ghastly act of militants in the strongest possible word. Every right thinking citizen should condemn it." At present, a significant reduction in insurgency is happening in North Eastern India.
Moreover, Police force are relatively better poised to generate Human Intelligence , especially in areas within the insurgents strongholds. But she was able to take up the issue only a yearand-a-half ago, and with a few like-minded friends from the region, founded the campaign called 'Weaving Histories of North-East India'. Much background research has been followed up by talks with local historians about the need for incorporating the region's history into mainstream Indian textbooks. "We have approached all those bodies that make school syllabus because that's where the change has to begin first, " says Nepram. "We've also met Shashi Tharoor, the minister of state for human resources development, as his ministry is the final authority in approving any changes in the syllabus, " she elaborates, adding that she was greeted with positive responses.
NGOs reported the state of Jammu and Kashmir held political prisoners and temporarily detained individuals under the Public Safety Act . More than 650 such cases were registered by the Jammu and Kashmir state government under the PSA through June and referred to the Jammu and Kashmir High Court. The law provides for an independent judiciary, but judicial corruption was widespread. For example, in May,The Hindunewspaper reported on the case of five judges facing impeachment proceedings for a variety of offenses, including allegations of corruption.
On the Assam-Nagaland border issue, an agreement was reached between the two states on July 31 to withdraw armed police forces by both sides from disputed locations, and normalcy has been restored. In a major breakthrough in the drive against human trafficking, 175 victims were rescued, 36 cases registered and 37 people arrested, the chief minister said. These developments have had a cumulative positive impact on the security situation in the State. Apart from fall registered in overall fatalities, other parameters of violence also indicated significant improvement.
Defendants enjoy the presumption of innocence, except as described under UAPA conditions, and may choose their counsel. The state provides free legal counsel to defendants who cannot afford it, but circumstances often limited access to competent counsel, and an overburdened justice system resulted in lengthy delays in court cases, with disposition sometimes taking more than a decade. There were developments related to the 2010 killing of Amit Jethwa, an RTI activist. In June the Gujarat High Court ordered a retrial after concluding that Dinu Solanki, a member of parliament at the time he was accused of ordering Jethwa’s killing, had tampered with witnesses after 105 out of 195 witnesses turned hostile during the trial.
Our troops and junior leadership were so well trained that it is a matter of pride, while we raided many hostile camps, captured large numbers of arms, ammunition and hostiles, not even once hostiles could target us. Many a times we would be dropped by choppers in the thick remote jungles with old quarter inch scale maps disoriented, not knowing our bearings and where to go for quite some time, as all the hills in the thick landmarks deprived jungles with no habitation around for miles looked alike. There was constant threat of hostile ambushes or straying into East Pakistan or Burma and troops, especially the column commanders remained at tenterhooks. The Indian Air Force MI-4 helicopters with fighter escorts were unable to reinforce troops to besieged 1 AR Aizawl location due to heavy and accurate fire of the MNF insurgents.
The Editors Guild of India expressed concern about the raids and called on the CBI to uphold due process of law and freedom of expression for media. On September 11,Hindustan Times owner Shobhana Bhartia announced editor in chief Bobby Ghosh’s exit from the media outlet. Ghosh had been critical of BJP leadership, including Prime Minister Modi, and was the creator of HT’s “Hate Tracker” regarding violence against Muslims; Dalits; women; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex individuals ; and other discriminated groups. The law also permits authorities to hold a detainee in judicial custody without charge for up to 180 days . The Unlawful Activities Prevention Act , which gives authorities the ability to detain persons without charge in cases related to insurgency or terrorism, makes no bail provisions for foreign nationals and allows courts to deny bail in the case of detained citizens. It presumes the accused to be guilty if the prosecution can produce evidence of the possession of arms or explosives, or the presence of fingerprints at a crime scene, regardless of whether authorities demonstrate criminal intent.
On 9 August 2011, 4 GNLA militants were slain, including a senior commander, following a police operation. The first militant outfit to emerge in the region was the Hynniewtrep Achik Liberation Council , it was formed in 1992, aiming to protect the interests of Meghalaya's indigenous population from the rise of non-tribal ("Dkhar") immigration. This, however, failed to prevent the rise of national consciousness among the local tribal populations. This later led to a direct confrontation between Indian nationalism and the newly created Garo and Khasi nationalisms. A parallel rise of nationalism in the other members of the Seven Sister States further complicated the situation, resulting in occasional clashes between fellow rebel groups.
Only candidates belonging to these groups may contest elections in reserved constituencies. Members of minority populations previously served as prime minister, vice president, cabinet ministers, Supreme Court justices, and members of parliament. Approximately 70,000 stateless Bangladeshi Chakma persons lived in Arunachal Pradesh. During the year the Supreme Court ordered the central government and the Arunachal Pradesh state government to consider citizenship for Chakma and Hajong refugees who have lived in the state for almost 50 years.
The plains people, as opined by many others, consider the Mizos or Naga or Khasis as nomadic and uncivilised. These people, on the other hand, equally look upon the plains people with distrust and regard them as outsiders which transpires from their use of such disparaging terms like Dakhars , Vais , Mayang . This recalcitrant attitude from either side has poisoned the friendly relations among different groups of people, and thereby opened the gates of hostility.
Nevertheless, in most of the states in the northeast, anti-government militants retain significant nuisance value and often indulge in successful strikes against government interests. A fact that further jeopardizes mainland India’s links with the region is the thriving militancy in most of the northeast states. The demands of the different militant groups range from autonomy within the provisions of the Indian constitution to outright secession. In recent years, the Indian government has had some success in achieving stability in the region, using tactics from negotiations to military operations to root out militants. Ortheast India is the most volatile and insurgency affected place in the country after Kashmir.
My second tenure was much later in Nagaland from Jun 1986 to Jun 1990 in the Assam Rifles. In my last tenure before superannuation on 30 Sep 1995 from Punjab, then under the spell of insurgency, as the senior military intelligence officer, I had sufficient involvement with police and administration in taming Pakistan sponsored Khalistan insurgency. With the rest of the country and socio-economic development that includes a holistic inclusive development. With 96 per cent of the boundary of the region forming international borders, private investment has shied away from the region. In Meghalaya, the situation is quite different as the party banking on Mukul Sangma’s popularity can win several seats in the Garo Hills.
Some women reportedly were pressured to have tubal ligations, hysterectomies, or other forms of sterilization because of the payment structures for health workers and insurance payments for private facilities. In September 2016 the Supreme Court ordered the closure of all sterilization camps within three years. In a case of suspected honor killing in Telangana, police found a lower-caste Dalit man M. Dalit rights organizations rejected the police contention that it was a case of suicide and asserted the family members of an upper-caste girl were involved in his death. On April 6, the Hyderabad High Court ordered another autopsy on the body following protests and allegations that a local member of parliament was involved in a cover-up operation. On June 26, the Supreme Court sought responses from the national government and the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Delhi following a public interest litigation petition seeking a ban on FGM/C.
Laloo admitted that Meghalaya had its "share" of violence and banned militant outfits. "Many precious lives have been lost and people have been living under the shadow of fear. There is a constant threat of being kidnapped or killed by militants and terrorists," he said. The incident, which sent shock waves throughout the country's only matrilineal state, took place in Goera Rongat village, about 350km east of the state capital. Shaken by what most in the northeast described as "an unprecedented crime", chief minister Mukul Sangma said, "I condemn the ghastly act of militants in the strongest possible word. Every right thinking citizen should condemn it." At present, a significant reduction in insurgency is happening in North Eastern India.
Moreover, Police force are relatively better poised to generate Human Intelligence , especially in areas within the insurgents strongholds. But she was able to take up the issue only a yearand-a-half ago, and with a few like-minded friends from the region, founded the campaign called 'Weaving Histories of North-East India'. Much background research has been followed up by talks with local historians about the need for incorporating the region's history into mainstream Indian textbooks. "We have approached all those bodies that make school syllabus because that's where the change has to begin first, " says Nepram. "We've also met Shashi Tharoor, the minister of state for human resources development, as his ministry is the final authority in approving any changes in the syllabus, " she elaborates, adding that she was greeted with positive responses.
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